How Is the New SAT Scored

How Is the New SAT Scored SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The scoring model on the new SAT contrasts essentially from the scoring model that was utilized on the old form of the test. It's imperative to know about these progressions with the goal that you can design your examining and test-taking procedures as needs be. In this article, I'll experience all the scoring contrasts that have occurred for the new SAT and what they mean for you as an understudy. Primary Scoring Differences The greatest change in the new SAT scoring structure is that it utilizes a 1600 point scale rather than a 2400 point scale.The Math segment is as yet worth 800 points.The Reading and Writing segments together are called â€Å"Evidence-Based Reading and Writing† and record for the other 800 points.The article is discretionary and scored independently from the various decision segments of the test (your exposition scoredoesn't affectyour Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score). Another distinction in the scoring technique isthe end of point derivations for wrong answers.On the old SAT, you were docked a fourth of a point for each question you addressed incorrectly.The SAT is presently increasingly like the ACT in that inaccurate answers are dealt with equivalent to questions that were left clear (no focuses included or deducted). There are alsofour answer decisions for each question now as opposed to five. I'm not catching This' meaning for You? Since there’s no speculating punishment, you don’t need to stress over whether you should supposition or leave an inquiry clear on the test.Guessing is consistently the correct decision! This doesn’t fundamentally imply that it's simpler to get a higher score since the test is bended to represent these changes. Be that as it may, it takes a portion of the worry of the testing procedure. The change to a 1600 scale shouldn’t sway you except if you’re attempting to look at your scores out of 2400 on the old SAT to scores on the new version.This might be a worry on the off chance that you need to know how much you’ll need to improve to get a score on the new SAT that’s proportional to your objective score on the old SAT. Here's an outline thatwill assist you with changing over your present or more seasoned scores to their proportionate numbers on the new SAT. Be that as it may, remember that the most recent scoring model gives more weight to Math score. On the old SAT, Math just made up 33% of your all out score. On the new SAT, it makes up half. This could imply that understudies who are particularly solid in Math will improve on the new SAT by 50 or so focuses. In the event that you scored a 800 on Math and a 650 on both Reading and Writing on the old SAT, you would have a composite score of 2100. Expecting you kept on remaining at a similar level after taking the new SAT, a 800 in Math and a 650 on the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing segment would give you a 1450. This score is 50 focuses higher than the 1400 you would anticipate for yourself in the event that you duplicated 2100 by 66% for an immediate change to the new scale. Most schools will acknowledge scores from both the present SAT and the new SAT for at any rate two or three years. The College Board will furnish schools with concordance tables to assist them with judging and look at scores over the two unique tests. Also,score choiceis still an alternative, so you don’t need to stress over that changing with the refreshed test. Lock up your awful SAT score in a safe holed up behind an unexceptional artistic creation in your rich old uncle's chateau. Nobody will ever think about it except if he kicks the bucket and you and your cousins need to go through a creepy night secured his home (and his will specifies that you need to unveil your most profound, darkest mysteries to one another so as to get a bit of the legacy). New SAT Subscores The new SAT additionally incorporates a perplexing scoring structure past the primary segment scores.There aretest scores for Math, Reading, and Writing, each on a size of 10-40. Likewise, the new SAT hastwo unique classifications of inquiries, Analysis ever/Social Sciences and Analysis in Science.These are additionally scored on a size of 10-40.These scores are called â€Å"cross-test scores† in light of the fact that every one of the classifications spread inquiries in each of the three areas of the test. Also, there areseven subscores, each on a size of 1-15, for the accompanying classes: Order of Evidence (Reading and Writing) Words in Context (Reading and Writing) Articulation of Ideas (Writing) Standard English Conventions (Writing) Heart of Algebra (Math) Critical thinking and Data Analysis (Math) Identification to Advanced (Math) Here's a breakdown of the distinctive subscores in this realistic taken from the Khan Academy site: This implies each question on the test fits into numerous subscore classifications. Take, for instance, this inquiry from the Reading area of one of the new SAT practice tests: The chart following the section offers proof that blessing suppliers base their expectations of how much a blessing will be acknowledged on A) the thankfulness level of the blessing beneficiaries. B) the fiscal estimation of the blessing. C) their own wants for the blessings they buy. D) their relationship with the blessing beneficiaries. This inquiry would normally be remembered for the subscore for the Reading test.It would likewise be remembered for the Analysis ever/Social Sciences cross-test score: since it manages the translation of a chart that contains information about a sociological marvel, it expects you to think scientifically in a sociologies setting. It would not be a piece of the Command of Evidence or Words in Context Reading subscores in light of the fact that it doesn't approach you to give proof to your response to a past question or show your comprehension of the importance of a word in the entry. What an attentive blessing! I certainly won't discard these in the following waste would i be able to happen to see! Need to study the SAT however burnt out on perusing blog articles? At that point you'll adore our free, SAT prep livestreams. Planned and driven by PrepScholar SAT specialists, these live video occasions are an extraordinary asset for understudies and guardians hoping to get familiar with the SAT and SAT prep. Snap on the catch underneath to enroll for one of our livestreams today! I'm not catching This' meaning for You? The new subscores mean more data about your qualities and shortcomings on the test.These scores help feature your particular qualities for universities and furthermore give direction on where you can improve your skills.College Board has banded together up with Khan Academy to offer afree prep program for the new SAT that personalizesyour prep plan dependent on your subscore appropriation to assist you with concentrating on improving your particular frail zones. The subscores additionally point to new question types on the present SAT.Notice that â€Å"Command of Evidence† is a subscore class for Reading questions.Questions that approach you to refer to confirm for your answers are currently a significant part of the Reading section.These questions solicit which lines from the entry give the best proof to the response to the past inquiry, pushing you to comprehend the thinking behind your response.This can be an or more in that it may dispose of senseless errors on some understanding inquiries, yet it likewise includes a difficult new layer of investigation. â€Å"Words in Context† is additionally a telling classification; understanding jargon in setting is currently a greater piece of the Reading section.The disposal of sentence finishing questionsmeans that there are more jargon in setting questions.These center less around cloud jargon and more on understanding subtleties in the implications of all the more regularly utilized words. The presence of â€Å"Problem Solving and Data Analysis†, alongside the two cross-test diagnostic scores, implies that there arequestions that request that you decipher information and apply numerical and intelligent thinking to genuine situations. Exposition Scores On the present SAT, the exposition is discretionary, and its organization has likewise been updated.Rather than getting some information about your feeling on a general inquiry, the article brief requests that you read an entry and break down the contention that is presented.The College Board says that the new paper is â€Å"a parcel like a regular school composing task in which you’re requested to dissect a text.† The article is scored from 2-8 across three unique measurements: Reading, Analysis, and Writing.The papers are still perused by two graders, yet now every grader scores the exposition on a size of 1-4 in Reading, Analysis, and Writing. These scores are then included for a score from 2-8 in every classification. This implies the most extreme exposition score is a 24, and the base is a 6. Here'sa rubric that clarifies precisely how these scores are determined.Essentially, the contrast between a propelled exposition and an only capable article is the degree of comprehension of the source message that the understudy illustrates. A propelled exposition shows an exhaustive understanding of how subtleties in the content interrelate to help the creator's contention. It goes past a fundamental rundown of the creator's focuses to give a clever, centered examination of the contention. You should have the option to utilize an amplifying glass on the article. From what I've seen on Google pictures, investigation can't occur without one. I'm not catching This' meaning for You? The College Board has made another article design in which understudies must exhibit investigative abilities that are basic for achievement in college.On the new exposition, you’re requested to clarify how the writer constructs their contention in the entry and bolster your focuses with important proof and details.Asking understudies to compose a paper about another person’s contention is a superior method of making a decision about perusing and composing aptitudes than requesting that they compose a sentiment piece. Regardless of whether you end up in a humanities discipline in school, you’ll most likely compose an examination paper or if nothing else dissect different people’s logical or chronicled discoveries at some point.An capacity to comprehend

How to Write a Professional Research Paper

How to Write a Professional Research PaperWriting a good professional research paper is often the hardest part of writing. While this may sound depressing to some, with the proper guidance, a little bit of practice and the right approach, it is possible to write a good research paper that can get you noticed by colleges, universities, schools, and many other professional organizations. The key to writing a good research paper lies in developing your own style and not trying to be something you're not.Developing your own style is one of the most important things you can do for a research paper. No matter how well written your research paper may be, it will still come across as average if you don't know how to change the way you write a particular paper. Most papers, no matter how well written they are, will have at least a few key mistakes that shouldn't be there. If you're going to submit it to an organization or college, it's important that the organization or college knows that the re aren't any spelling and grammar errors in your paper.Another mistake made by many research paper writers is over-writing. Everyone loves a good story and a great presentation, but this is probably the worst thing to do when writing a research paper. Just put your story in an outline and stick to that outline. Don't try to add unnecessary words or fill up your paper with filler. Unless you want to go into court, your main point should be the one that should be the main focus of your paper.Finally, professional research paper writing will need a strong thesis statement at the beginning. Your thesis statement should state why your topic is important and why you are qualified to write about it. Having a clear statement at the beginning is the first step to getting the reader interested in your paper.When it comes to your research paper, try to make it personal. This will help ensure that your reader keeps reading and takes away something useful from your paper. Find ways to make your content interesting enough to keep readers reading your paper.In order to be effective with your professional research paper writing, you will want to find a way to keep your readers engaged throughout your paper. One way to keep your readers entertained and interested is to use images and charts.It is also important that you learn how to use visual aids properly in your research paper. They should be used correctly in order to have the greatest effect on your readers. For example, it's important that your charts and graphs show the data clearly and never get too confusing.Finding the right resources can help you with your professional research paper writing. Try reading tips and ideas found on the internet. With this information, you will be able to write a professional research paper and impress your audience.

Black Metal Argumentative Essay Topics

Black Metal Argumentative Essay TopicsArgumentative essay topics are a great way to include black metal into your regular writing. Metal is a serious and powerful form of art, and your essay will be read a great deal more often than a normal essay. Even if you are writing it for someone else, they are going to need something to pick apart, so your essay is only going to be more read.Black metal argumentative essay topics are going to be a lot easier to write than your normal essay. Because metal is such a serious subject, it is easy to make up your own elements. For example, you can make up your own names for new types of metal, different ways to pronounce certain words, or even new words that you use when you use them. You can make up some of the words that you use yourself as well and use them in your essay as well.If you want your essay to stand out and be read, all you have to do is try to incorporate some type of theory into it, and not just making it appear as if you are writin g an essay. The reason for this is because people like to read with an element of their mind, and a lot of times the text that they are reading is not entirely yours.A lot of the time the entire text is written by the person that is reading it, but a few people might be watching a different movie or television show. If you were to write out your essay, they would have no idea if it was your opinion or theirs. By doing this, you can make it very interesting and fun to read, and if you want to turn it into an argumentative essay, you can add some of your own ideas.Arguing is also a great way to use essay topics to keep your topic interesting. A lot of people enjoy writing in some type of non-fiction format, so writing an essay may work very well for them. It might seem very odd to use an essay topic to argue a point, but sometimes arguments between people are better than just words. It can be difficult to turn the conversation in your favor, so if you can use the essay topic to back u p your points, then your point will be made, and you won't have to backtrack as much.Your essay is going to be more accepted than it ever has been before, and this is a very important part of your career. An essay is a very important part of any resume, so you should always try to make the most of it. In fact, if you can use your argumentative essay topics to make the most of it, then you will do well.This is the best way to get noticed, and this is why you should always try to go the extra mile when writing a good essay. Whether it is on your own or if you are writing for someone else, make sure that your essay is as good as it can be. Once you have gotten good at essay topics, you will do very well for yourself.If you are not sure how to go about it, you can always contact a professor or someone who has been writing for a while and ask them to help you out with the formatting, the punctuation, and the entire essay. You can use this essay as much as you like, but the fact of the ma tter is that it will need to be great, and everyone will be reading it. If you want your essay to be read, then make sure that you make every effort possible to make it look good.

George Rogers Clark in the American Revolution

A notable officer during the American Revolution (1775-1783), Brigadier General George Rogers Clark earned fame for his exploits against the British and Native Americans in the Old Northwest. Born in Virginia, he trained as a surveyor before becoming involved with the militia during Lord Dunmores War in 1774. As the war with the British commenced and attacks on American settlers along the frontier intensified, Clark obtained permission to lead a force west into present-day Indiana and Illinois to eliminate British bases in the region.   Moving out in 1778, Clarks men conducted a daring campaign that saw them take control of key posts at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. The last was captured following the Battle of Vincennes which saw the Clark use trickery to aid in compelling the British to surrender. Dubbed the Conqueror of the Old Northwest, his successes significantly weakened British influence in the area.   Early Life George Rogers Clark was born November 19, 1752, at Charlottesville, VA. The son of John and Ann Clark, he was the second of ten children. His youngest brother, William, would later gain fame as the co-leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Around 1756, with the intensification of the French Indian War, the family left the frontier for Caroline County, VA. Though largely educated at home, Clark did briefly attend Donald Robertsons school along with James Madison. Trained as a surveyor by his grandfather, he first traveled into western Virginia in 1771. A year later, Clark pressed further west and made his first trip to Kentucky. Surveyor Arriving via the Ohio River, he spent the next two years surveying the area around Kanawha River and educating himself on the regions Native American population and its customs. During his time in Kentucky, Clark saw the area changing as the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix had opened it to settlement. This influx of settlers led to increasing tensions with the Native Americans as many tribes from north of the Ohio River used Kentucky as a hunting ground. Made a captain in the Virginia militia in 1774, Clark was preparing for an expedition to Kentucky when fighting erupted between the Shawnee and settlers on the Kanawha. These hostilities ultimately evolved into Lord Dunmores War. Taking part, Clark was present at the Battle of Point Pleasant on October 10, 1774, which ended the conflict in the colonists favor. With the end of the fighting, Clark resumed his surveying activities. Becoming a Leader As the American Revolution began in the east, Kentucky faced a crisis of its own. In 1775, land speculator Richard Henderson concluded the illegal Treaty of Watauga by which he purchased much of western Kentucky from the Native Americans. In doing so, he hoped to form a separate colony known as Transylvania. This was opposed by many of the settlers in the area and in June 1776, Clark and John G. Jones were dispatched to Williamsburg, VA to seek aid from the Virginia legislature. The two men hoped to convince Virginia to formally extend its boundaries west to include the settlements in Kentucky. Meeting with Governor Patrick Henry, they convinced him to create Kentucky County, VA and received military supplies to defend the settlements. Before departing, Clark was appointed a major in the Virginia militia. The American Revolution Moves West Returning home, Clark saw fighting intensify between the settlers and Native Americans. The latter were encouraged in their efforts by the Lieutenant Governor of Canada, Henry Hamilton, who provided arms and supplies. As the Continental Army lacked the resources to protect the region or mount an invasion of the Northwest, defense of Kentucky was left to the settlers. Believing that the only way to halt Native American raids into Kentucky was to attack British forts north of the Ohio River, specifically Kaskaskia, Vincennes, and Cahokia,   Clark requested permission from Henry to lead an expedition against enemy posts in the Illinois Country. This was granted and Clark was promoted to lieutenant colonel and directed to raise troops for the mission. Authorized to recruit a force of 350 men, Clark and his officers sought to pull men from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina. These efforts provided difficult due to competing manpower needs and a larger debate regarding whether Kentucky should be defended or evacuated. Kaskaskia Gathering men at Redstone Old Fort on the Monongahela River, Clark ultimately embarked with 175 men in mid-1778. Moving down the Ohio River, they captured Fort Massac at the mouth of the Tennessee River before moving overland to Kaskaskia (Illinois). Taking the residents by surprise, Kaskaskia fell without a shot fired on July 4. Cahokia was captured five days later by a detachment led by Captain Joseph Bowman as Clark moved back east and a force was sent ahead to occupy Vincennes on the Wabash River. Concerned by Clarks progress, Hamilton departed Fort Detroit with 500 men to defeat the Americans. Moving down the Wabash, he easily retook Vincennes which was renamed Fort Sackville. Back to Vincennes With winter approaching, Hamilton released many of his men and settled in with a garrison of 90. Learning that Vincennes had fallen from Francis Vigo, an Italian fur trader, Clark decided that urgent action was required lest the British be in a position to reclaim the Illinois Country in the spring. Clark embarked on a daring winter campaign to retake the outpost. Marching with around 170 men, they endured severe rains and flooding during the 180-mile march. As an added precaution, Clark also dispatched a force of 40 men in a row galley to prevent a British escape down the Wabash River. Victory at Fort Sackville Arriving at Fort Sackville on February 23, 1780, Clark divided his force in two giving command of the other column to Bowman. Using terrain and maneuver to trick the British into believing their force numbered around 1,000 men, the two Americans secured the town and built an entrenchment in front of the forts gates. Opening fire on the fort, they compelled Hamilton to surrender the next day. Clarks victory was celebrated throughout the colonies and he was hailed as the conqueror of the Northwest. Capitalizing on Clarks success, Virginia immediately laid claim to the entire region dubbing it Illinois County, VA. Continued Fighting Understanding that the threat to Kentucky could only be eliminated by the capture of Fort Detroit, Clark lobbied for an attack on the post. His efforts failed when he was unable to raise enough men for the mission. Seeking to regain the ground lost to Clark, a mixed British-Native American force led by Captain Henry Bird raided south in June 1780. This was followed in August by a retaliatory raid north by Clark which struck Shawnee villages in Ohio. Promoted to brigadier general in 1781, Clark again attempted to mount an attack on Detroit, but reinforcements sent to him for the mission were defeated en route. Later Service In one of the final actions of the war, Kentucky militia was badly beaten at the Battle of Blue Licks in August 1782. As the senior military officer in the region, Clark was criticized for the defeat despite the fact he had not been present at the battle. Again retaliating, Clark attacked the Shawnee along the Great Miami River and won the Battle of Piqua. With the end of the war, Clark was appointed superintendent-surveyor and charged with surveying land grants given to Virginian veterans. He also worked to help negotiate the Treaties of Fort McIntosh (1785) and Finney (1786) with the tribes north of the Ohio River. Despite these diplomatic efforts, tensions between the settlers and Native Americans in the region continued to escalate leading to the Northwest Indian War. Tasked with leading an force of 1,200 men against the Native Americans in 1786, Clark had to abandon the effort due to a shortage of supplies and the mutiny of 300 men. In the wake of this failed effort, rumors circulated that Clark had been drinking heavily during the campaign. Incensed, he demanded that an official inquiry be made to repudiate these rumors. This request was declined by the Virginia government and he was instead rebuked for his actions. Final Years Departing Kentucky, Clark settled in Indiana near present-day Clarksville. Following his move, he was plagued by financial difficulties as he had financed many of his military campaigns with loans. Though he sought reimbursement from Virginia and the federal government, his claims were declined because insufficient records existed to substantiate his claims. For his wartime services Clark had been awarded large land grants, many of which he was ultimately forced to transfer to family and friends to prevent seizure by his creditors. With few remaining options, Clark offered his services to Edmond-Charles Genà ªt, the ambassador of revolutionary France, in February 1793. Appointed a major general by Genà ªt, he was ordered to form an expedition for drive the Spanish from the Mississippi Valley. After personally financing the expeditions supplies, Clark was forced to abandon the effort in 1794 when President George Washington forbade American citizens from violating the nations neutrality. Aware of Clarks plans, he threatened to dispatch US troops under Major General Anthony Wayne to block it. With little choice but to abandon the mission, Clark returned to Indiana where his creditors deprived him of all but a small plot of land. For remainder of his life, Clark spent much of his time operating a gristmill. Suffering a severe stroke in 1809, he fell into a fire and badly burned his leg necessitating its amputation. Unable to care for himself, he moved in with his brother-in-law, Major William Croghan, who was a planter near Louisville, KY. In 1812, Virginia finally recognized Clarks services during the war and granted him a pension and ceremonial sword. On February 13, 1818, Clark suffered another stroke and died. Initially buried at Locus Grove Cemetery, Clarks body and those of his family were moved to Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville in 1869.

Personal Narrative My Best Friend - 1032 Words

When I was in 3rd grade when my family and I moved from Germany to England. I made friends but I always felt like I was a third wheel. In 4th grade that changed when I met Sarah Bomar. At first she was weird but what was I thinking, I’m even more weird. We would soon become best friends. In 2012 I moved into the same neighbor hood as Sarah. I was in the car and I saw Sarah riding her bike. I’m not sure why but at that moment I just felt like we were going to be great friends. I’ll never be sure how I knew that but I did. It’s feeling that I can’t explain because even writing it down wouldn’t make sense. As everyday passed we got closer and closer. That feeling I got when I saw her in the car was a verification that my senses were†¦show more content†¦I’m so incredibly grateful that I have such an honest and trustworthy best friend. In 5th grade we got the same teacher and we were both excited. The week before school we went ba ck to school shopping for school supplies and clothes. August and September went by super fast and we rolled around to October. In October I was coming up with all these plans we could do. There were new movies coming out that we could go watch by ourselves because we thought it was so mature of us to go see a movie without our parents. I also wanted to go to London so we could shop at the mall with my parents money. Halloween was around the corner so I wanted to get some matching costumes like Disney princesses, or whatever was attractive in 5th grade. At any time that I would talk about these ideas I had she liked them but something was off. It almost seemed to make her sad when I talked about it but I didn’t contemplate too much on it. On our way to the cafeteria she finally explained to me what was going on. â€Å"Astrid, I know I should have told you this before but-â€Å" â€Å"But what c’mon you gotta tell me!† â€Å"Wellll I’m not sure there i s any good way to say this but I’m moving to South Carolina.† â€Å"You’re lying.† â€Å"Serious.† â€Å"You can t be-â€Å" â€Å"Soooo what’s on the menu for lunch today?† Every time I would try and talk about her moving she would just switch the subject. I could tell she reallyShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1210 Words   |  5 PagesSunday, my friends and I were eating a meal of thick stew and crusty bread and drinking a pitcher of hot, spiced, and very watered-down wine. We’d chosen my room because it was the biggest and therefore had the most space for practicing weaponry, our afternoon plan. My friends ate and made small talk. We saw each other most days so sometimes it seemed like we ran out of real things to talk about. I was somewhat lost in my thoughts, about us and about our futures. Koilin was my best friend. He wasRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1052 Words   |  5 PagesI Threw my books on the bed and approached the jacket slowly, as if it were Andrew Garfield who would become my best friend. I couldn t look away, I wanted to scream. The jacket would be my new best friend. The leather black and silver studs, the belts, and best of all being popular. This jacket is no ordinary jacket, this is my jacket. I heard steps coming up stairs, my mom stopped by and asked if I like it. I yelled yes with excitement and joy. She left, I stared at the jacket like whenRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1080 Words   |  5 Pageswent downstairs to get my older brother so we could finish the vlog, but Caleb laid on the couch unresponsive. As I called his name while walking down the stairs, I realized something was wrong. â€Å"Caleb† I yelled tears pouring out of my eyes as I found him, not breathing. He was dead. My best friend, my brother, the only person who made me really happy, was gone forever. I couldn t imagine what I was going to do without him. I loved him more than anyone in my life he was my hero. It s octoberRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend757 Words   |  4 PagesI’m Wendy. And no, I look nothing like the perfect happy smiling girl that you all associate with the restaurant. I am 5’6’’ and 13 years old. I have wavy, short, caramel hair and brown eyes, with a light spattering of freckles. My favorite colors are blue and gray, but yellow is such a pretty sunny color... it just doesn t look good on me. I go to North-West Independence Middle School. In case you were wondering, that is in middle of nowhere Nebraska. It is like a scene from an old movie, no colorRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend940 Words   |  4 Pages Looking back, I remind myself that friends are temporary, but memories are forever. This was going to be our last night together, Cesli and I. Cesli Crum was my best friend that I met in third grade. That year came and went, and though in fourth grade Cesli was held back, we still vowed to always be best friends. Then, that winter of two thousand fourteen, her family decided to move away. I felt devastated, so my mom agreed to have Cesli over one evening right before she left. Thus that is whatRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1369 Words   |  6 Pagesreason my palms were sweaty and I had butterflies doing loopty-loops in my stomach. I was on my way to visit Julia, one of my best friends at the time. The whole way there, in bumper to bumper traffic, I reflected on all of my memories with her, including playing on a fallen, rotten tree and pretending that it was milk chocolate shop. As little girls, we would dress up in glittery, razzled costumes and sing our hearts out, which continued well into our teen years when she drove me to school my freshmanRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1034 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen my best friend since I was deported to this horrid tent city. My spouse and daughter died in the floods of Grimsdon. Every thought of them, cripples me with grief instantly, my heart and soul ached for my precious daughter and partner bring me to tears. Thankfully, I met . Ella, who, whilst she could never replace my biological Family, I feel she is now like a much-loved sister to me. She is the only light when there is so much darkness, surrounding us. Suddenly, out of the corner of my eyeRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1033 Words   |  5 Pageshim cuddling into his side shaking from the cold. We d been outside for over an hour, in barely any clothes. My face edged with tear streaks and bags under my eyes. I had mascara smudged across my right cheek and my makeup was running. At one point, I turned over and glanced up at him. I studied his face and thought to myself. This was my best friend. We used to hang out after school at my house and watch movies until late. How had things changed so suddenly? I thought of all the good mom ents we dRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1327 Words   |  6 Pagesabout it.   She was my absolute best friend and I could not imagine living 1,300 miles away.    Growing up, we were resentful of each other.   We used words and actions to get our point across.   Not only did we slap each other, but also kicked and punched.   I cried even if it didn’t hurt, that was me being a baby.   My dad would scoop me in his arms and at the same time, discipline my sister.   It was satisfying if you had asked my 8 year old self.    Later on, Madison turned into my soul mate, as I beganRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Best Friend1192 Words   |  5 PagesWe have been best friends since elementary school and gone through a lot together, but we backed each other when it meant the most. While I waited for my flight at Regan International, I called Elizabeth and invited her to my place for a late dinner. I missed her and looked forward to spend time with her. *** As 8 o’clock grew near, my excitement to spend a girl s-night-in with Liz increased. So much has developed since we last chat. Therefore, when I heard the knock on my front door, I

Nazi Propaganda IWA Free Essays

The Nazi party, or National Socialist German Workers’ party of Germany, attempted, and were almost completely successful in wiping out the entire culture of the Jewish, and the population of homosexuals, gypsies, disabled, and Slavic people, all due to his simple dislike of them. In his attempt to obliterate all of the people that he thought weren’t worthy of life, his regime and he used several different types of propaganda – in this case, visually, through a poster- to try to brainwash everyone to have the same views as him and support his prosecution of them. Him and his brutal regime tried their hardest to manipulate everyone’s opinion of certain groups so that they could achieve his sadistic and horrific goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Nazi Propaganda IWA or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Anti-Semitic cartoon by Sepal Josef Plank), it appears that an octopus with a Star of David over its head has its tentacles encompassing a globe, seemingly sucking the color off of the globe. The cartoon is presented on a white, grayish background with a centered globe facing Africa, Europe, and Asia with no color whatsoever. Possessing the globe is a gigantic blue octopus with the Star of David floating above its head with its tentacles wrapped round the globe, seemingly sucking the life and color out of the world. The octopus also appears to be Injecting a black substance, may be toxic, Into the Earth, poisoning it. The strikingly visual and dramatic cartoon, used as Nazi propaganda, Is very easy to comprehend and extremely memorable. The purpose of the poster was an attempt to convince German citizens and other citizens In Europe that the Jewish people are going to ruin all life on Earth and are going to poison the population and anything they touch. The Nazi regime hopes that the poster will give everyone a reality check ND make them realize that exterminating the Jews will better everyone’s life and improve the world. The Nazi’s believe that the Jewish are nothing but a waste of space and that they’re not worthy of being around other kinds and races that are superior to them. The Nan government hopes the audience will support their efforts In persecuting the â€Å"less superior† races and Join In their movement. They hope that people will Join In on the extermination process and make their efforts a lot easier and faster. This Is an extremely effective poster due to the simple colors -gray, black, white and blue- and lack of words, making It understandable for all different ages. Nan propaganda was a huge part In their success -If you can call It that- of getting rid of the â€Å"vermeil† that they thought were In the world. Nazi Propaganda IOWA By champion Nazi Propaganda By definition, anti-Semitic is a person who discriminates against or is prejudiced or also appears to be injecting a black substance, may be toxic, into the Earth, poisoning it. The strikingly visual and dramatic cartoon, used as Nazi propaganda, is very easy to convince German citizens and other citizens in Europe that the Jewish people are period to them. The Nazi government hopes the audience will support their efforts in persecuting the â€Å"less superior† races and Join in their movement. They hope that people will Join in on the extermination process and make their efforts a lot easier and faster. This is an extremely effective poster due to the simple colors -gray, black, white and blue- and lack of words, making it understandable for all different ages. Nazi propaganda was a huge part in their success -if you can call it that- of getting rid of the â€Å"vermin’s† that they thought were in the world. How to cite Nazi Propaganda IWA, Papers

Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Essay Example Essay Example

Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Essay Example Paper Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Essay Introduction Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Lecturer: Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Essay Body Paragraphs Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Introduction Due to current advances in technology and research, the subject of genomics and its knowledge is profound. However, the subject is still new and there has not been much legislation of the necessary law regarding the access and use of such information. Genetics is the study of the gene factor, which is believed to be the answer in understanding an organism’s psychosocial behavior. It is believed that all the characteristics of a given person: his height, figure, behavioral patterns and many others are all embedded in the genetic strand (Redhead, 2003). The ethical Problem The subject of new genetics poses a number of societal concerns that relate to the privacy and confidentiality of a person’s genetic information. The subject evokes the question on the person with the responsibility of taking care and accessing the genetic information. The use and abuse of genetic information by the various stakeholders is als o an issue that is faced in handling a person’s genetic information. The major stakeholders The major stakeholders in this sector are the insurers, employers, courts, schools, adoption agencies, and the military. The position of the stakeholders In the court system, the relevance and application of medical information in court cases is still a major issue. The court system utilizes the genetic information in crime scenes to make final judgments on a given case. Currently, the trial judge is the person mandated with the responsibility of making the decision on the use of scientific testimony in a court case. He or she will decide on the relevance of the scientific testimony that is, whether it is to be used in the court proceedings or not. The research on genetics is still young and the court system is still grappling whether it is a reliable source for making final rulings in court cases. The political system is also a major stakeholder in the issue of genetics. One case that the political system is interested in is the human genome project. Since the project is funded mostly by the government, the high cost incurred in running the entire project is of major concern for the government. On completion of the project, the access to the information is bound to of immense commercial value. There is concern on whether the information pertained in the genome project could be used for beneficial purposes or abused. Britain and the United States of America have shown immense interest in the project that it is believed that the two governments will be in control of the access and use of the information in the human genome project (DeSalle, Yudell American Museum of Natural History, 2005). The insurance companies are major stakeholders in the issue of genomics. The insurance companies are concerned with their client’s genetic history so that by having such information, they can anticipate and make proper financial models regarding the person’s accou nts. The companies are able to use the information pertained in a person’s past to model the possible risk factors in insuring the individual. They could use the information to model their products and premiums to accommodate the client’s needs. This goes a long way to ensure that their products and premiums are relevant and reliable. The insurance companies perceive the presence of genetic information as a reliable source of information of the general heath dynamics of a given population. This information could be used to predict possible health problems and therefore structure insurance premiums to insure against such. The employers are interested in the genetic information of their potential employees to make conclusive decisions on their employment. The employers are concerned with their employee’s history and genetic profile to alleviate future claims in medical covers. Persons who exhibit a genetic predisposition are less likely to be considered for employ ment by a company because the company deems the individual as a liability. This is because such individuals pose a potential health risk to the company in terms of medical expenses and insurance premium payments. There is also the fear of the possibility that such employees could provide the company with very few work hours while spending most on sick leaves and offs. This is why employers would like to have access to the genetic information so that they can be able to evade the risks involved in employing such individuals. The ethical conflict among stakeholders Currently, the insurance companies are restricted from demanding or requesting their potential clients or employees to take genetic tests for their genetic information (DeSalle, Yudell American Museum of Natural History, 2005). The authorities have outlawed this activity because they have realized that the information submitted is only used for the company’s interests and not those of the individual. Furthermore, th e genetic information only gives future possibilities and is not the actual current health condition of the person. For instance, an individual with a family history of epilepsy only gives the possibility of the person suffering of epilepsy in the future but not necessarily, a must he does. The restriction of employers and insurance companies from requesting their employees and clients from taking genetic tests has many loopholes. This is because the employer could still obtain their genetic information (Wilson, 2010). This is because the medical records are still currently accessible to many. In many job vacancies, the potential employees are required to undergo certain medical tests to establish the individual’s state of health. This medical evaluation could include the individual submitting all the medical records and information that the person currently has. Failure by the individual to submit the relevant information results in the termination of his employment process. This leads to many having to provide the necessary medical information requested. An individual’s genetic information ought to be classified as private and confidential. Such information ought to be accessible to only the individual and his or her medical practitioner. Other external parties ought to be locked out from accessing such information. The individual’s genetic information ought only to be used for the general benefit of the individual. The genetic information of a person could result in certain persons being ostracized in the society. There are certain medical conditions that are known to be hereditary. If the information of a person suffering from one is made public, the society could end up shunning the individual because it would seem as a weakness to him (Pokorski, 1994). Managing the ethical conflict The most possible way of alleviating this ethical conflict is by restricting the access of the genetic information of an individual to the person and his or her medical practitioner. Other parties that may want to gain access to such information ought to give substantial explanation as to why they require the information. If the individual feels that he or she is comfortable with it and that his interests are secure, then the information could be availed to the concerned third parties (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2002). Resolution to the ethical conflict The human genome project and other similar ventures are necessary for the benefit of man. The research on the use of the information should of course be subject to regulations or guidelines that limit the access and use of such information for the benefit of man. Such information ought to be used to remedy disease or help in further research but not for commercial gains or alleviating risks. Response to the criticism Research into human genetics is inevitable. The society should encourage and support because the results are of immeasurable benefits to the human race. Th e use of genetic information could be used to enhance the performance and remedy diseases. There are cases where individuals have used genetic enhancements to make their bodies perform at optimum levels. This shows that research into genetics has immeasurable benefits to the human race (Caplan, 1994). Conclusion The human genome project is a very crucial and important research venture. The findings will enable the human race to demystify the issues regarding the use of medical technology to cure maladies and its use to enhance human appearance and performance. The genetic information provided gives allows medical personnel to have a definitive knowledge on the necessary traits that are to be altered to attain the required results (Campbell, Heyer, 2003) . References Campbell, A. M. Heyer, L. J. (2003). Discovering genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. Caplan, A. L. (1994). Handle with care: Race, class, and genetics. In T. F. Murphy, M. A. La ppe (Eds.), Justice and the human genome project (pp. 30-45). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. DeSalle, R., Yudell, M., American Museum of Natural History. (2005). Welcome to the genome: A user’s guide to the genetic past, present, and future. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss. National Human Genome Research Institute. (2002). ELSI Research Program [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.genome.gov. Pokorski, R. J. (1994). Use of genetic information by private insurers. In T. F. Murphy, M. A. Lappe (Eds.), Justice and the human genome project (pp. 91-109). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Redhead, C. S. (2003). Medical records privacy: Questions and answers on the HIPAA final rule. Congressional Research Service Report for Congress. Washington, DC: The Library of Congress. Wilson, L. E. (2010). Ethical, Legal and Social Issues of Genomic Research: Striking a Balance between Science and Law. The CBS Interactive Business Network. Retrieved from http://findarticles .com/p/articles/mi_m1TOS/is_1-2_7/ai_n25102504/ We will write a custom essay sample on Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Millenium Theatre essays

Millenium Theatre essays On October, 10th a concert took place in Millennium Theater which I attended with one of my close friends. It was put together by a Russian organization called Our Talented Children This was the semi-final, The performers in this concert were children that have been already chosen from previous television shows because in order to have been selected for this concert the performers had to be selected by Russian television viewers. There were 2 age groups split into 5-12 years old and 13-18. Songs in many different languages were sung and there was mostly ballroom dancing. I sat in the 12th isle; there were many people in the audience including reporters from different Russian newspapers, and magazines. When I got there I noticed many posters with different sponsors names from different companys and offices. Each performer had their own sponsor. There were 8 judges consisting of Russian pop stars and recording producers. I liked most of the performances. I enjoyed listening to songs in Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian, English and many more different languages. The Costumes were very colorful and were very pretty. There were over 50 performances, there were many different genres of music some were romantic, opera, jazz, modern, and classical. The concert started off with a cartoon movie that showed all the children before they were selected for this concert. The first few numbers were ballroom dances. The first vocal number was a girl who was 13 years old by the name of Alisa; she was my favorite number in the whole entire concert. She sang a song that was called I Wanna Be Loved by You that was originally Marilyn Monroes song. She wore a blonde wig and a blue dress covered with rhinestones to portray Marilyn Monroes performance in the Movie Some Like It Hot It was a very original performance and the audience enjoyed it very much, t ...

The Use of Listing in Composition

The Use of Listing in Composition In composition, listing is a discovery (or prewriting) strategy in which the writer develops a list of words and phrases, images and ideas. The list may be ordered or unordered. Listing can help overcome writers block and lead to the discovery, focusing, and development of a topic. In developing a list, observes Ronald T. Kellogg, [s]pecific relations to previous or subsequent ideas may or may not be noted. The order in which the ideas are placed in the list can reflect, sometimes after several attempts to build the list, the order needed for the text (The Psychology of Writing, 1994). How to Use Listing Listing is probably the simplest prewriting strategy and is usually the first method writers use to generate ideas. Listing means exactly what the name implies- listing your ideas and experiences. First set a time limit for this activity; 5-10 minutes is more than enough. Then write down as many ideas as you can without stopping to analyze any of them. . . . After you have generated your list of topics, review the list and pick one item that you might like to write about. Now youre ready for the next listing; this time, create a topic-specific list in which you write down as many ideas as you can about the one topic you have selected. This list will help you look for a focus for your...paragraph. Dont stop to analyze any of the ideas. Your goal is to free your mind, so dont worry if you feel youre rambling.(Luis Nazario, Deborah Borchers, and William Lewis, Bridges to Better Writing. Wadsworth, 2010) Example Like brainstorming, listing involves the unmonitored generation of words, phrases, and ideas. Listing offers another way of producing concepts and sources for further thought, exploration, and speculation. Listing is distinct from freewriting and brainstorming in that students generate only words and phrases, which can be classified and organized, if only in a sketchy way. Consider the case of a postsecondary academic ESL writing course in which students are first asked to develop a topic related to modern college life and then to compose a letter or editorial piece on the subject. One of the broad topics that emerged in freewriting and brainstorming sessions was The Benefits and Challenges of Being a College Student. This simple stimulus generated the following list: Benefitsindependenceliving away from homefreedom to come and golearning responsibilitynew friendsChallengesfinancial and social responsibilitiespaying billsmanaging timemaking new friendspracticing good study habits The items in this preliminary list overlap considerably. Nonetheless, such a list can offer students concrete ideas for narrowing a broad topic to a manageable scope and for selecting a meaningful direction for their writing. (Dana Ferris and John Hedgcock, Teaching ESL Composition: Purpose, Process, and Practice, 2nd ed.Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005) An Observation Chart A type of list that seems especially appropriate for poetry writing instruction is the observation chart, in which the writer makes five columns (one for each of the five senses) and lists all the sensory images associated with the topic. Composition instructor Ed Reynolds [in Confidence in Writing, 1991] writes: Its columns force you to pay attention to all of your senses, so it can help you do a more thorough, specific observation. We are accustomed to relying on our sight, but smells, tastes, sounds, and touch can sometimes give us more important information about a subject. (Tom C. Hunley, Teaching Poetry Writing: A Five-Canon Approach. Multilingual Matters, 2007) Pre-Writing Strategies ExpeditioList, Listicle, and SeriesOutline

Principles of Risk Transfer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Risk Transfer - Essay Example In assessing the captive insurance industry in Bermuda, there is a need to understand the nature and merits of considering Bermuda’s domicile. Bermuda’s Captive Domicile Bermuda is a leading offshore captive domicile globally. This is a result of onshore administrative burdens and the costs related to conducting business in a US-based or Lloyd’s-based captive in the mid 20th century. This forced Reiss to look out for authority that would permit the flourishing of the captive insurance. Bermuda was selected due to its unique geographical site, good image and status as a British sovereign boundary that disliked uncertainties and perils normally encountered by multinational corporations conducting their business in politically volatile and irresponsible nations. Besides, captives in Bermuda are majorly owned by huge US firms. It can be noted that the second biggest licensing authority in relation to the number of captives is the Cayman Islands (Duffy, 2004, p. 97). Vermont ranks second in connection to the assets owned by insurance firms and third in relation to licensing of the captives. Regulation of Bermudan is done by the Registrar of Companies and the Minister of Finance under the Insurance Act of 1978, the companies Act of 1981 and the Insurance Amendment Act of 1996 (Sierk, 2008, p. 51). Through the regulation a better flexibility is offered compared to other authorities, with the industry carrying the burden of self-regulation, which accounts for the great success of insurance in the state. Moreover, the insurance industry has frequent annual audits jointly with a certificate of solvency, which ensures transparency in the manner risks are managed. Furthermore, most of the captives are registered in two classes under the Insurance Act. Class 1 insurers are unit parent captives, which are not allowed to write any form of unconnected business, while class 2 are relational captives or multi-parent, which are allowed to write up to 20% unco nnected business (Sierk, 2008, p. 59). Class 1 insurers have a minimum solvency requirement of $ 120,000 during the time of writing while class 2 has a minimum solvency requirement of $ 250,000. However, there are other classes which insurers can register; one of them is class 3, which does not include insurers and reinsurers. This class has a minimum requirement of $ 1 million. Class 4 has a minimum requirement of $ 100 million, which includes insurers and reinsurers writing instant additional liability or asset catastrophe risks. In addition, Bermuda is the best domicile since it has no income, corporate or through withholding taxes for operation of the captive insurance. Besides, the initial cost of putting up an insurance company is approximately $ 10,000. The legislation also provisions for rent-a-captives and secured cell firms (DFA, 2007, p. 13). The insurance industry’s rent-a-captive projects permit unconnected participants to be involved in the process of profits un derwriting from the insured risks in the captive. It also allows them to place irrelevant perils via the captive. Securitization of debt is eventually enabled in the risk securitization. Protected cell firms permit a firm to have distinct departments or cells independent of the other cells in circumstances of liquidation. Apparently, the joint combination of secured cell regulation and the rent-a-captives gives

Teaching in clinical practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Teaching in clinical practice - Essay Example As far as nursing practice is concerned, reflection is a process by which one focuses on the interaction between oneself and the environment, including colleagues, in a particular situation, with intentions to examine and evaluate the interactions. â€Å"Reflection gives scope for better understanding of oneself so that existing strengths can be used to build-up for future actions" (Somerville and Keeling, 2004). While reflection is the key to successful learning process, current literature plays a major role in these developments. Through updated journals and texts, present studies by critics and writers, we are able to meet the goals for the improvement of analytical thinking skills such as being able to identify problems that might arise, being aware to new or different ideas, and anticipating the consequences of one’s actions. According to Brandon and All (2010), many nurse educators continue teaching the way they have been doing, despite the need for reforms. However, pe dogogical research has indicated the need for change in nursing curricula. The emphasis is to shift from traditional courses to concept-based courses which com across across clinical settings. In order to accomplish such a useful change, it is very important for the nurse teacher to understand the role of "the rapidly advancing profession" (Hamner and Wilder, 2001; cited in (Brandon and All, 2010). In using reflection as a tool for the development of the professional nursing practice, a plan can be designed to meet the goals of the reflective activity by recording thoughts, observations, feelings, activities and questions (Burns and Grove, 1997). Through this, the effective practitioner can be challenged to think in new ways, raise new questions and explore new ways of problem-solving. Thus reflection is key for successful learning outcomes and literature plays a major role in such developments. In this essay, reflection on the methods, strategies and outcomes of teaching students a bout drug administration will be done with reference to current literature. Reflection and critical analysis Gibbs Model of Reflection will be used for evaluation and examination of the teaching methods and outcomes because the framework is straight forward and includes a cycle of clear description of the clinical situation, analysis of the feelings of the practitioner, evaluation of the actions during the situation, analysis of the various activities and experiences during the situation and a conclusion for lessons in future (Online learning, 2006). Description of the teaching process Student nurses were taught about administration of drugs in nursing practice. The aims of the teaching session was to enhance the knowledge of the student about the safe drug administration. The objectives and learning outcomes of the teaching session were: 1. To know the common causes of medication errors 2. To know the right method of administration of medication 3. To know the different routes of a dministration of medication and nursing considerations pertaining to those routes. 4. To know the importance of understanding the reason prior to dispensing the medication. 5. To know strategies to assure proper, clear, concise and easily understood methods of documentation of drug administration. 6. To be aware of patient safety goals. Procedural instruction in the teaching sess

Journey of the Magi :: Literary Analysis, T.S Eliot

â€Å"Journey of the Magi† is a poem by T.S Eliot extracted from the Ariel poems and published in 1930. It is a dramatic monologue of one of the Magi telling us about his expedition throughout Palestine to find the Christian messiah: Jesus Christ. Through the narrator’s dramatic monologue, Eliot treats the envisioning of reality, usually distorted by the human mind. In the poem, the travelers witness something that changes their reality forever. How does this monologue illustrate the narrator’s envision of his experience traveling through Palestine? In order to analyze the narrator’s perception of his past journey, I will precede with the study of Eliot’s poem by a linear analysis. In his dramatic monologue, Eliot uses vivid understanding of the three Kings journey by the use of imagery. The different use of details guides the reader to use his imagination about a Biblical reference of more than 2,000 years ago. The narrator starts his story by describing the climate challenges encountered: â€Å"A cold coming we had of it.† He uses the diction of winter: â€Å"cold, winter, snow†, combining visual and tactile senses for the reader to experience the difficulties faced by the three wise men. The narrator is generally very negative about what he encounters during his trip. He uses pejorative vocabulary in order describes the season: â€Å"Just the worst time of the year†. (v.2) â€Å"deep and sharp weather† (v.4) â€Å"the very dead of winter† (v.5). Not only the Three Kings seem to be tired and upset about their adventure, but their camels as well. They were â€Å"lying down in the melting snow† (v.7) â€Å"galled, sore -footed and refractory†. The role of this enumeration is to insist on the animal’s physical fatigue and also to show that both human and animals were affected by the weather conditions. In the second half of the first stanza, the narrator describes summer in the different cities he and the other kings traveled. By taking track of the seasons, the Magi inform the reader about the length of his Palestine journey. The transition from winter to summer setting is smoothly made by the verse: â€Å"There were times we regretted.† (v.8), which exemplifies the Magi’s envision of his experience. The challenges of the trip were so great and unexpected that most of the times tempted the three Kings to give up on their mission in finding the Messiah. The Magi depicts palaces, terraces, sherbet (a central Asia’s sorbet) and silken girls to help the reader visualize the places he passed by.

Labour education crisis Essay

The man who promised us, ‘Education, education, education,’ as the main priority of his government has failed again. Blair along with forever changing line up of education secretaries has again been branded a hazard to our children. The new crisis in hand for our Labour government evolves our youngsters within Primary education. The recent report has revealed that the number of children who can read and write properly has fallen in the last three years, as almost 250,000 seven year olds are not hitting required standards, for the second year running. In English only 75% have reached the required standards, leaving government hopes of 85% English pass rate for 11 year olds by 2002 in tatters. The report has shown three tenths of Primary school children are behind in reading from as young as seven. Four tenths our poor at writing, leading to one quarter of eleven year olds being classed as semi-literate! Chief school inspector Mr David bell has described the situation as disastrous and has said, ‘I don’t think we could possibly be happy with what primary schools are achieving. ‘ These chilling figures reported by Ofsted are causing concern amongst parents throughout the country. Although Mr Bell is claiming the route of this problem is due to the teachers and Heads of the schools. As it has been suggested that one in ten of our head teachers are ‘weak’, that’s a figure just over 2,000 that are simply not up to the job. If the leaders of the schools are ‘weak’ what hope does it hold for our teachers? Although Heads are saying they are being used a scapegoats Mr Bell insists that they are to blame, ‘They lack knowledge and skill. ‘ This standard is simply not adequate as the government has admitted. This has left other parties, including the Liberals suggesting an education reform and the Tories claming the situation has reached crisis level. Although PM Tony Blair has barely mentioned the report, and went ahead with a speech on education standards. This new crisis has fallen into the hands of Estelle Morris’ successor Charles Clarke. The Education Secretary has been told by Ofsted the targets set for 2004 will not be achievable. This will make his job even harder as situations are just being passed on with each new education secretary. Along with Primary education being seen as a shambles Ms Morris has left the problems of AS and A level system with Mr Clarke. After last years mark fixing fiasco new guide lines need to be set to stop this embarrassing situation recurring. That saw up to 4,194 candidates having their A-level grades increased in 2002. As well as the A-level marking situation causing problems it now seems that AS and A-level lecturers are unhappy with the system. They are calling for a return to a system such as the old one qualification of the A-level over two years. Suggesting that it’s simply too much for students. These measures come just two years after curriculum 2000 was introduced, bringing in the AS and A2 exams. Although now former chief inspector of England schools, Mr Tomlinson, has been asked to make a report suggesting ways of maintaining the A-levels standards and credibility. Universities are unhappy with a possible move to re-secure the A-level as they feel by keeping the name it will cause confusion. The A-level was first introduced in 1951 and has changed dramatically. This in turn effects what people feel constitutes as an A-level in standards they require, which worries the Universities. Who have also been affected by Labours education crisis due to the clearance procedure after the mess-up with A-level marking. The last thing on the agenda for Labour in terms of education is the staffing shortage in Primary and Senior schools. At the start of the academic year many school remained closed due to staffing shortages. And it appears this situation to is getting worse. As a survey for the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teacher suggested that nearly 63% of teachers have considered leaving their jobs within the past 5 years. And in another survey for the National Opinion Poll of 1,007 NASUWT members discovered that 30% felt that no political party had the right education policies. In conclusion it seams that all areas of or education system our in danger and have been effected, all that is left to say is good luck Charles Clarke, who now has the mammoth task of getting things on track. A job that both David Blunkett and Estelle Morris have failed to achieve.

Walt Whitmans Take on Slang in America

Influenced by the 19th-century journalist and philologist William Swinton, poet Walt Whitman celebrated the emergence of a distinctively American language — one that introduced new words (and found new uses for old words) to convey the unique qualities of American life. Here, in an essay first published in 1885 in The North American Review, Whitman offers many examples of slang expressions and luxuriant place names — all representative of the wholesome fermentation or eructation of those processes eternally active in language. Slang in America was later collected in November Boughs by  David McKay (1888). Slang in America Viewd freely, the English language is the accretion and growth of every dialect, race, and range of time, and is both the free and compacted composition of all. From this point of view, it stands for Language in the largest sense, and is really the greatest of studies. It involves so much; is indeed a sort of universal absorber, combiner, and conqueror. The scope of its etymologies is the scope not only of man and civilization, but the history of Nature in all departments, and of the organic Universe, brought up to date; for all are comprehended in words, and their backgrounds. This is when words become vitaliz’d, and stand for things, as they unerringly and soon come to do, in the mind that enters on their study with fitting spirit, grasp, and appreciation. Slang, profoundly consider’d, is the lawless germinal element, below all words and sentences, and behind all poetry, and proves a certain perennial rankness and protestantism in speech. As the United States inherit by far their most precious possession — the language they talk and write — from the Old World, under and out of its feudal institutes, I will allow myself to borrow a simile, even of those forms farthest removed from American Democracy. Considering Language then as some mighty potentate, into the majestic audience-hall of the monarch ever enters a personage like one of Shakspere’s clowns, and takes position there, and plays a part even in the stateliest ceremonies. Such is Slang, or indirection, an attempt of common humanity to escape from bald literalism, and express itself illimitably, which in highest walks produces poets and poems, and doubtless in pre-historic times gave the start to, and perfected, the whole immense tangle of the old mytho logies. For, curious as it may appear, it is strictly the same impulse-source, the same thing. Slang, too, is the wholesome fermentation or eructation of those processes eternally active in language, by which froth and specks are thrown up, mostly to pass away; though occasionally to settle and permanently chrystallize. To make it plainer, it is certain that many of the oldest and solidest words we use, were originally generated from the daring and license of slang. In the processes of word-formation, myriads die, but here and there the attempt attracts superior meanings, becomes valuable and indispensable, and lives forever. Thus the term right means literally only straight. Wrong primarily meant twisted, distorted. Integrity meant oneness. Spirit meant breath, or flame. A supercilious person was one who rais’d his eyebrows. To insult was to leap against. If you influenc’d a man, you but flow’d into him. The Hebrew word which is translated prophesy meant to bubble up and pour forth as a fountain. The enthusiast bubbles up with the Spirit of God within him, and it pours forth from him like a fountain. The word prophecy is misunderstood. Many suppose that it is limited to mere prediction; that is but the lesser portion of prophecy. The greater work is to reveal God. Every true re ligious enthusiast is a prophet. Language, be it remember’d, is not an abstract construction of the learn’d, or of di ctionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground. Its final decisions are made by the masses, people nearest the concrete, having most to do with actual land and sea. It impermeates all, the Past as well as the Present, and is the grandest triumph of the human intellect. Those mighty works of art, says Addington Symonds, which we call languages, in the construction of which whole peoples unconsciously co-operated, the forms of which were determin’d not by individual genius, but by the instincts of successive generations, acting to one end, inherent in the nature of the race — Those poems of pure thought and fancy, cadenced not in words, but in living imagery, fountainheads of inspiration, mirrors of the mind of nascent nations, which we cal l Mythologies — these surely are more marvellous in their infantine spontaneity than any more mature production of the races which evolv’d them. Yet we are utterly ignorant of their embryology; the true science of Origins is yet in its cradle. Daring as it is to say so, in the growth of Language it is certain that the retrospect of slang from the start would be the recalling from their nebulous conditions of all that is poetical in the stores of human utterance. Moreover, the honest delving, as of late years, by the German and British workers in  comparative philology, has pierc’d and dispers’d many of the falsest bubbles of centuries; and will disperse many more. It was long recorded that in Scandinavian mythology the heroes in the Norse Paradise drank out of the skulls of their slain enemies. Later investigation proves the word taken for skulls to mean  horns  of beasts slain in the hunt. And what reader had not been exercis’d over the traces of that feudal custom, by which  seigneurs  warm’d their feet in the bowels of serfs, the abdomen being open’d for the purpose? It now is made to appear that the serf was only required to submit his unharm’d abdomen as a foot cushi on while his lord supp’d, and was required to chafe the legs of the  seigneur  with his hands. It is curiously in embryons and childhood, and among the illiterate, we always find the groundwork and start, of this great science, and its noblest products. What a relief most people have in speaking of a man not by his true and formal name, with a Mister to it, but by some odd or homely appellative. The propensity to approach a meaning not directly and squarely, but by circuitous styles of expression, seems indeed a born quality of the common people everywhere, evidenced by nick-names, and the inveterate determination of the masses to bestow sub-titles, sometimes ridiculous, sometimes very apt. Always among the soldiers during the Secession War, one heard of Little Mac (Gen. McClellan), or of Uncle Billy (Gen. Sherman) The old man was, of course, very common. Among the rank and file, both armies, it was very general to speak of the different States they came from by their slang names. Those from Maine were call’d Foxes; New Hampshire, Granite Boys; Massachusetts, Bay Stater s; Vermont, Green Mountain Boys; Rhode Island, Gun Flints; Connecticut, Wooden Nutmegs; New York, Knickerbockers; New Jersey, Clam Catchers; Pennsylvania, Logher Heads; Delaware, Muskrats; Maryland, Claw Thumpers; Virginia, Beagles; North Carolina, Tar Boilers; South Carolina, Weasels; Georgia, Buzzards; Louisiana, Creoles; Alabama, Lizards; Kentucky, Corn Crackers; Ohio, Buckeyes; Michigan, Wolverines; Indiana, Hoosiers; Illinois, Suckers; Missouri, Pukes; Mississippi, Tad Poles; Florida, Fly up the Creeks; Wisconsin, Badgers; Iowa, Hawkeyes; Oregon, Hard Cases. Indeed I am not sure but slang names have more than once made Presidents. Old Hickory, (Gen. Jackson) is one case in point. Tippecanoe, and Tyler too, another. I find the same rule in the people’s conversations everywhere. I heard this among the men of the city horse-cars, where the conductor is often call’d a snatcher (i.e., because his characteristic duty is to constantly pull or snatch the bell-strap, to stop or go on). Two young fellows are having a friendly talk, amid which, says 1st conductor, What did you do before you was a snatcher? Answer of 2d conductor, Nail’d. (Translation of answer: I work’d as carpenter.) What is a boom? says one editor to another. Esteem’d contemporary, says the other, a boom is a bulge. Barefoot whiskey is the Tennessee name for the undiluted stimulant. In the slang of the New York common restaurant waiters a plate of ham and beans is known as stars and stripes, codfish balls as sleeve-buttons, and hash as mystery. The Western States of the Union are, however, as may be supposed, the special areas of slang, not only in conversation, but in names of localities, towns, rivers, etc. A late Oregon traveller says: On your way to Olympia by rail, you cross a river called the Shookum-Chuck; your train stops at places named Newaukum, Tumwater, and Toutle; and if you seek further you will hear of whole counties labell’d Wahkiakum, or Snohomish, or Kitsar, or Klikatat; and Cowlitz, Hookium, and Nenolelops greet and offend you. They complain in Olympia that Washington Territory gets but little immigration; but what wonder? What man, having the whole American continent to choose from, would willingly date his letters from the county of Snohomish or bring up his children in the city of Nenolelops? The village of Tumwater is, as I am ready to bear witness, very pretty indeed; but surely an emigrant would think twice before he establish’d himself either there or at Toutle. Seattle is sufficiently barbarous; Stelicoom is no better; and I suspect that the Northern Pacific Railroad terminus has been fixed at Tacoma because it is one of the few places on Puget Sound whose name does not inspire horror. Then a Nevada paper chronicles the departure of a mining party from Reno: The toughest set of roosters, that ever shook the dust off any town left Reno yesterday for the new mining district of Cornucopia. They came here from Virginia. Among the crowd were four New York cock-fighters, two Chicago murderers, three Baltimore  bruisers, one Philadelphia prize-fighter, four San Francisco hoodlums, three Virginia beats, two Union Pacific roughs, and two check guerrillas. Among the far-west newspapers, have been, or are,  The Fairplay  (Colorado)  Flume,  The Solid Muldoon, of Ouray,  The Tombstone Epitaph, of Nevada,  The Jimplecute, of Texas, and  The Bazoo, of Missouri. Shirttail Bend, Whiskey Flat, Puppytown, Wild Yankee Ranch, Squaw Flat, Rawhide Ranch, Loafer’s Ravine,  Squitch  Gulch, Toenail Lake, are a few of the names of places in Butte  county, Cal. Perhaps indeed no place or term gives more luxuriant illustrations of the fermentation processes I have  mention’d, and their froth and  specks, than those Mississippi and Pacific  coast  regions, at the present day. Hasty and grotesque as are some of the names, others are of an appropriateness and originality unsurpassable. This applies to the Indian words, which are often perfect. Oklahoma is proposed in Congress for the name of one of our new Territories. Hog-eye, Lick-skillet,  Rake-pocket  and Steal-easy are the names of some Texan towns. Miss Bremer found among the aborigines the following names: Men’s, Hornpoint; Round-Wind; Stand-and-look-out; The-Cloud-that-goes-aside; Iron-toe; Seek-the-sun; Iron-flash; Red-bottle; White-spindle; Black-dog; Two-feathers-of-honor; Gray-grass; Bushy-tail; Thunder-face; Go-on-the-burning-sod; Spirits-of-the-dead. Women’s, Keep-the-fire; Spiritual-woman; Second-daughter-of-the-house; Blue-bird. Certainly philologists  have not given enough attention to this element and its results, which, I repeat, can probably be found working  everywhere  to-day, amid modern conditions, with as much life and activity as in far-back Greece or India, under prehistoric ones. Then the wit — the rich flashes of humor and genius and poetry — darting out often from a gang of laborers, railroad-men, miners, drivers or boatmen! How often have I  hover’d  at the edge of a crowd of them, to hear their repartees and impromptus! You get more real fun from half an hour with them than from the books of all the American humorists. The science of language has large and close analogies in geological science, with its ceaseless evolution, its fossils, and its numberless submerged layers and hidden strata, the infinite  go-before  of the present. Or, perhaps Language is more like some vast living body, or perennial body of bodies. And slang not only brings the first feeders of  it,  but is afterward the start of fancy,  imagination  and humor, breathing into its nostrils the breath of life.