Agricultural Extension Practices For A Farming Community

The previous chapter reviewed the agricultural extension practices where extension plays an important role in facilitating changes in a farming community. The literature indicated that there are a lot of extension approaches due to change of ideas, purposes vary, and paradigm shift. It appears that, agricultural extension involves many different approaches and methodologies. And it is managed and delivered through a variety of institutional arrangements. It seems that no single approach best suit extension development in all circumstances. The purpose of this chapter is to consider farming from the perspective of the farmer and how such consideration might benefit extension approaches and outcomes. The farming environment is complex and†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, after the introduction, the chapter begins by clarifying what kind of farmers this study refers to by defining smallholder farmer, elements of smallholder, and the farming environment as to understand and identify some key variables in farming environment that will enhance our investigation of farmers’ livelihood. 4.1 Introduction This chapter identifies various factors that affect farmers’ decision-making concerning their way of life. The sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) is a way to improve understanding of the way of life of rural people (IFAD, 2011). It draws on the main factors (internal and external) that affect rural people s livelihoods and the natural relationships between these factors. SLA is based on the concept of capability, equity and sustainability (Chambers Conway, 1992).This study seeks to consider SLA as a framework to help understand the main factors that affect cocoa farmers’ livelihoods, the relationships between these factors and how decisions are made on growing cocoa. In this chapter the diffusion of innovation model, particularly the variables which influences an innovation s rate of adoption (after Rogers, 2003), and elements of smallholder farmer by HLPE (2013) (see Figure 11) will be viewed through SLA. The commonly known variables determining the rate of technology adoption in agriculture were listed by Rogers (2003). These variables include perceived attributes of

Challenging the Modernity of American Culture The Howl by...

In the poem Howl, Allen Ginsberg challenges the modernity of American culture, which enforces the â€Å"best minds† (1) to give up their freedom to conform to the desired sense of normality. Ginsberg states â€Å"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked/ dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix† (9). His expression of Moloch The angry fix is what all of these â€Å"best minds† look for after being stripped of their freedom to conform to the new American culture after World War II. The form of Ginsberg’s poem challenges the American culture by resistance from â€Å"best minds†. Howl is separated to three sections that include long lines, which look like paragraphs. Resisting†¦show more content†¦Ginsberg reflects on the satire of people worshipping American culture when it is actually the cause of their trouble. Which glorifies a civilization restricting you to normality, and destroying the best minds. These parts take the reader behind Ginsberg’s belief of the â€Å"best minds† American culture changes across the fundamental desires to destroy them. â€Å"Moloch! Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unobtainable dollars! Children screaming under the stairways! Boys sobbing in armies! Old men weeping in the parks! Moloch! Moloch! Nightmare of Moloch! Moloch the loveless! Mental Moloch! Moloch the heavy judger of men!† (21) Ginsberg expresses what Moloch means to him. The â€Å"best minds† are exposed to the unpleasant feeling of being remote from society if they did not follow their callings. Those callings create solitude of man from one another and the world as a whole. Members of the American society sacrifice their time and emotions for an unobtainable wealth they can never receive. Ginsberg reflects on poverty of the time the â€Å"best minds† were living in which left the children homeless and on the streets. Ginsberg expresses American society taking the young people and making them go mad by stating that boys were in armies and old men in parks. Moloch creates the filth and ugliness the â€Å"best minds† are forced to live in if they do not conform to the ideals of the modern society they

Organizational culture that affects aviation accidents Free Essays

Edward P. Warner said, â€Å"The modern airplane is the product of a program of research, development and refinement in detail that no other structure or mechanism has ever matched. The results have been so remarkable that there is always danger of forgetting that these extraordinary craft still have to be operated by men, and that the most important test they have to meet is still that of being operable without imposing unreasonable demands or unnecessary strains on the flight personnel (quoted in Billings, 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational culture that affects aviation accidents or any similar topic only for you Order Now † It is imperative to mention the significance of human and machine interactions when dealing with an aviation system. An organizational structure determines how a system performs as it involves the mindset, the values and the goals of a group. The humans are the ones that control and use the machines and they are the ones who belong and participate in a specific organizational culture. Even if the aviation system is considered one of the most â€Å"technology-intensive, spatially distributed system,† the force that operates and manages the functions of the system still depend upon the human labor force (Billings 1997, p. 3). This system operates to move passengers and cargo from one location to another with the use of highly complex and automated machines. Technology has never been utilized and maximized more effectively in any other industry than the aviation enterprise and it remains to be an industry to promote the advance of such technology for better safety and higher comforts for the passengers (Billings 1997, p. 3). Automation of the airline industry revealed subtle yet existing assumptions that machines would soon replace humans in the workplace (Billings 1997, p. 201). A better perspective would be that humans and machines are complementary rather that competitive of each other (Billings 1997, p. 201). The rising dependence for machine was seen to be a major factor that shapes the culture of the aviation industry. As machines could do more of what a pilot and air traffic control officer does, sometimes at a higher rate of efficiency, air carriers have moved to use automations more than ever. However, there were questions as to the degree of control humans have over the operation (Billings 1997, p. 206). It is important to note that at present machines cannot completely replace humans in their functions as checklists required before and during the flight cannot be solely accomplished by some machine (Billings 1997, p. 207). How to cite Organizational culture that affects aviation accidents, Papers

Managing Organisational Change Chainging the Business World

Question: Purpose: The primary purpose of this assessment item is to help students develop skills in critical thinking in the analysis of change failure in the organisational context. The secondary purpose of this assessment task is to give students the opportunity to enhance their analysis, critical thinking and written communication skills; particularly in the areas of developing argument and essay writing. Description: Assessment task 1 requires the writing of an academic essay. This essay should be an argumentative essay, and must therefore contain an argument that is used as the structuring element of the paper. Students are expected to engage in extensive research within the academic literature relating to organisational change and evidence your argument from scholarly sources.You are to explore why change efforts fail in organisations and provide evidence from the literature including theories and models to support your argument. Identify and analyse the nature of change failures and the key causes. It would enhance your discussion to use organisational examples to further evidence your claims. Answer: Introduction In the past few years, globalisation has completely changed the face of the business world. Companies are now competing with each other on a global scale and the internal and external factors that can have an impact on the business of an organisation have also increased exponentially. Companies are experiencing technological, governmental, social, economic and many other changes at such a fast pace that the companies now have to implement changes within the organisations in real time. Change management is considered to be one of the most difficult processes for the management of an organisation. There has been a great variation in the success rates of change management programs between organisations that know what they do and those organisations that stumble around without knowing what they exactly have to do. In this assignment, we will discuss why some change efforts in organisations fail (Bain Company, 2015). Change Management Programs Change management programs have now become a necessary evil. Necessary because they help business organisations in coping up with the market trends and changing their operations and resources according to the changing environmental factors and evil because change management program is not easy as it can fail if not implemented properly and under professional guidance (Bain Company, 2015). Failure Of Change Management Programs Change management programs are considered to be nightmares by some organisations as they have experienced the negative impacts of a change management program gone wrong. As a result, companies of today are trying their best to foster a workplace culture that can easily accept changes. Let us now discuss some reasons because of which change management programs fail: Lack of communication one of the most common reasons for the failure of change management program is the lack of communication between the senior management and the employees. Failure of change management does not occurs when the management does not communicate what the change should be like but occurs when the management fails to communicate the need for bringing a change in the prevailing scenario. The top reason for the failure of change management program is when the employees are not communicated about the reasons because of which a change is being introduced. In a recent study, it was found that only 40% of the front line managers thought that they were actually aware about the reasons because of which a change was being planned while 60% of the rest had no idea about the reasons behind the change program. Therefore, it is important that the senior level managers properly communicate the change program to the employees, including the reasons behind the change and the objective s of the change program (Strauss, 2016). Kotter and Lewin, both were pioneers in organisational change management subject and have identified lack of communication an important reason behind the failure of change management programs (Harvard Business Review, 2008). Personal agendas and human nature the second most common reason for the failure of change management programs is the nature of the humans to resist changes. Humans by nature resist change. Humans have their comfort zones and they resist anything and everything that forces them to come out of their comfort zones (Organisational change management: A critical review: Journal of Change Management: Vol 5, No 4, 2016). A change in operations, strategies, routine, etc. brings the employees out of their comfort zones. As a result, they resist the change program being planned and it might fail due to the resistance being provided by the employees. Sometimes, even if the senior level management properly communicates the change program to the employees, there are many employees who resist the change as they feel that the change might hurt their ego or power in the organistaion. They do not try to understand the change program completely and they end up resisting the change program due to their self-interest and ego (Schneier, n.d.). Further, another reason for failure of change programs is when a group of employees is not made a part of it. Such employees form a group and as they feel alienated or excluded and try to resist the change and prevent it from becoming successful. Kotter Schlesinger conducted a number of studies in the field of change management. They identified four primary reasons that cause failure of change programs. Parochial self-interest was on their top list out of the four resistances identified (Study.com, 2016). Lack of leadership most organisations believe that senior level managers are the most appropriate leaders for facilitating a change in the organisation. This is one of the biggest mistakes that the management commits that leads to failure of the change program. It is not necessary that the senior level managers are the best leaders to lead the change. In fact, it has been notices that front line managers and union leaders can prove to be better change agents than the managers of the organisation. Front line managers or the union leaders are the ones whom the employees follow. If the company can convince them and bring them on its side by explaining them the need to implement a change, the employees would be glad to listen to their leaders and would be able to find more sense in things when their leader informs them about the change program. Further, front line managers and union leaders will also play an important role in the whole communication process if they are chosen as the cha nge agents. Therefore, lack of leadership or the lack of effective change agents can also decrease the chances of success of change implementation (Greener and Hughes, 2006). Lack of system in a system, everything is inter related. A change in one of the things will cause changes in all the other things too. Sometimes, when the organisations fail to realize the potential impact of a change program on the other parts of the system, the change management program becomes likely to fail. For example, if a company decides to make some changes by reduce the strength of its customer service department to reduce payroll and increase cash flows, it might have the right do so but it should also be prepared for collateral impacts of the change, such as market reputation, decrease in sales due to less customer service executives, etc. Therefore, to increase the chances of success of change management programs, the management should carefully assess the collateral impacts which the change would have on the other parts of the system (Acceleratedgrowth.org, 2016). Lack of planning for obstacles, setbacks and resistance the problem with most organisations is that they want to implement changes just for the sake of meeting the market trends but they are actually not prepared to facilitate a change in the company. They design a change management plan but what they fail to do is to plan for obstacles, setbacks and resistance. In fact, not everything designed in the change management program goes according to the plans whereas the company has no plans to deal with obstacles, which adds to the misery. Some of the common obstacles faced in the implementation are employee turnovers (including some key employees), change in business environment, requirement of additional time for achieving a short term goal, etc. Such obstacles are inevitable and if the management is not ready to deal with such obstacles, the possibility of failure of the change program increases exponentially (Weindling and Earley, 1986). Realignment of resources one very common mistake that organisations make while planning for a change in the company is that they forget to realign their resources according to the design of the change management program. One common example for this is that an organisation always prepares its budget in the beginning of a new financial year. During the year, if the management decides to bring a change in the organisation, they might not discuss whether they would require additional financial resources to make the change program successful. As a result, the change program might face a failure during its implementation stage due to lack of proper resources. Thus, for a change management plan to succeed, it is crucial that the management allocates proper resources from time to time so that the plan does not fail due to lack of resources (Kotter, 1996). Conclusion It has been correctly phrased that change is the only thing which remains constant i.e. change is inevitable. We live in a time where the external or internal business environment can undergo changes in real time. To survive in such an environment, it is necessary that the business organisations to change their working styles, operations, strategies, etc. from time to time so that they can remain in competition and can adjust themselves according to the latest market trends. Change management is not an easy task as it seems to be. For those organisations that do not have the required expertise for implementing a change, an unplanned change can prove to be a nightmare. Introducing changes in order to compete with the market can sometimes take away whatever advantages such organisations had earlier. Therefore, organisations of business companies should plan a change program very carefully and should definitely have a look at the above points, which can cause a change program to fail altogether. References Acceleratedgrowth.org. (2016). 7 Reasons Why Most Change Management Initiatives Fail | Accelerated Growth Consulting. [online] Available at: https://acceleratedgrowth.org/free-stuff/articles/initiatives-fail/ [Accessed 19 Aug. 2016]. Bain Company, (2015). Change Management Programs. [online] Available at: https://www.bain.com/publications/articles/management-tools-change-management-programs.aspx [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Greener, T. and Hughes, M. (2006). Managing change before change management. Strat. Change, 15(4), pp.205-212. Kotter, J. (1996). Leading change. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. Organisational change management: A critical review: Journal of Change Management: Vol 5, No 4. (2016). Journal of Change Management. [online] Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697010500359250 [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Schneier, C. (n.d.). The Training and Development Sourcebook. Strauss, S. (2016). Top 7 Reasons Why Organizational Change Fails. [online] Tinypulse.com. Available at: https://www.tinypulse.com/blog/top-7-reasons-why-organizational-change-fails [Accessed 19 Aug. 2016]. Weindling, D. and Earley, P. (1986). How heads manage change. School Organisation, 6(3), pp.327-338.

Thendy Essay Example For Students

Thendy Essay INTERNATIONAL MARKETING92% of the worlds consumers live outside the U.S. Thus, international marketing is very important. When selling to foreign markets, one must realize that there are major differences between other countries the U.S. Aside from political and legal differences, there are economic, technological, social (family, religion, education, health ) cultural differences. Each 1 billion in trade deficit yields a loss of 25,000 jobs. See text for how international trade is measured and protectionism vs. free trade.Gray Goods Goods imported from unauthorized dealer; problem = no manufacturers warranty. Dumping = Sale of export goods at less than normal value (less than cost or less than home-country price). We will write a custom essay on Thendy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Strategic Adaptations Of The Marketing Mix1Keep The Product Promotion The Same Worldwide (Global Marketing) e.g., world brands such as Coca Cola and Marlboro. Theodore Levitt is the guru of the globalization or global marketing approach. Promotion mix elements such as advertising present the biggest problem to standardizing a marketing strategy across all borders because promotion is based on a communication process, which can differ from country to country even if the languages are the same (e.g., the U.S. the U.K.). 2Adapt Only The Promotion e.g., in most of the world, bicycles are promoted as transportation; in U.S. as leisure. 3Adapt Only The Product e.g., Canadians prefer a more bitter beer; Barbie looks Asian in Japan. 4Adapt Promotion Product e.g., American cereals in Asia = snack food; therefore, need different flavors (e.g., tofu). 5Backward Invention Simplify product use less technology. This makes the product more affordable usable in certain foreign markets. Some Ways To Operate In Foreign Markets 1Exporting A company sells what it produces to foreign markets via export merchants (e.g., export trading companies) or export agents (e.g., export management companies) or a firms own sales branches.Risk of tariff devaluation.2Direct Investment Ownership Investment in production and or distribution facilities can occur either through a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary or a joint venture with a foreign company. Risk of nationalization.Joint Ventures domestic foreign firms become partners. Strategic Alliance a formal long-term agreement between firms in order to accomplish global objectives without formal ownership by either company. 3Contracting (Licensing, Franchising, Contract Manufacturing Management Contracting)Licensing = selling rights to name, process or patent for a fee or royalty; e.g., magazines such as Cosmopolitan Playboy; Ampex licensed VCR technology to Japan. Contract Manufacturing Domestic firm contracts with a foreign firm to do production; marketing is done by domestic firm. Management Contracting Seller provides management skills only; e.g., Hilton Hotels. 3 Major Risks In Intl Mktg:1Radical Change In Government a companys factories may be nationalized. 2Change In Export Rates foreign currency may be devalued; a firm may want to hedge with options. E.g., many tech firms hurt by Asian economic crisis.3Foreign Markets May Impose Tariffs, Taxes, Quotas On Your Product They do so to make imports more expensive relative to domestic goods. Words/ Pages : 498 / 24

UTAH

UTAH Utah (also known as the Beehive State) was founded on January 4, 1896. It is the forty fifth state; the capital of Utah is Salt Lake City named after the Great Salt Lake. Utah's state bird is the Seagull and its state flower is the Sego Lily.The first people in Utah were Desert Creature Hunters in the Great Basin. They started gathering around the Great Basin about twelve thousand years ago. They lived off nature and make their tools and weapons out of natural minerals. Later on the Fremont Culture started in Utah in about 400AD. Archeologists believe that they gathered north of the Colorado River. They learned to grow corn, squash, and beans. They built their houses underground. The Fremont Culture was known for their rock art, they drew figures and symbols by painting and chipping images on the canyon walls.Usually Utah has about three hundred cloudless days each year, it is also one of the driest states in the United States second to Nevada.Salt Lake CitySummers are long and warm and winters are short and cold. In the summer the highest temperature recorded was one hundred seventeen degrees Fahrenheit and in the winter the lowest temperature recorded was minus 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Extreme temperature changes occur in the smallest distances in Utah.Utah's economy is very well developed. Manufacturing is a pretty big part in Utah's economy. Utah manufactures products such as rocket engines, computer parts, computer software, and missiles for fighter planes. Service jobs are also have a key role in Utah's economy, about one hundred thirty thousand people in Utah have service jobs. Such service jobs include truck drivers, pilots, nurses, waitresses, repairmen, and university professors. Probably the biggest part in Utah's economy is tourism because it makes almost one billion dollars a year.

Finance accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Finance accounting - Essay Example Some of the bodies include; financial accounting standards board (FASB), American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Public Companies Oversight Board (PCOB), International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) and Association Chartered Certified Accountants among other governing bodies globally. Financial regulations have been common phenomena in the current world. For example in the recent Euro crisis the countries involved had to take measures to ensure that their financial systems are not curtailed. Policies were reviewed at this time to ensure currency stability in the market. Another instance which has seen financial reviewing is in the US during the 2008 financial panic. The country finance department reviewed its policies to ensure that the government did not transcend into a state of jeopardy. Although policies are continuously reviewed they must fall within the stipulations of internationally accepted principles. The whole sequence of formulation is governed by the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAPS); failure to comply with these rules will lead to confusion in the sector. This paper tries to analyze the financial implications of Ryanair plc. Ryanair is an international company with huge market base; it operates low cost passenger airlines which ply the routes between UK, Europe continent and the Moroccan airspaces. Besides the company is listed on a stock exchange in the country, with a huge base of shareholders the company needs to frequently assess its financial statements to convey the right message to the shareholders and stay within the law. It is the financial obligations of the companies which on most occasions oblige management to address or review the financial statements of the company. Shareholders and the authorities will on most occasions want reports on the operations of the company. In

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Critical thinking - Essay Example Be it spoken (oral) or written, it has a power to help achieve success in every walk of life. It should be noted that language is imperatively different in the field of medical. It is merely because the processes involve a number of stages and terminologies which can be understood by a person who is well-versed in medicinal studies. It has also been assessed that a number of people make use of the language translators to understand medical transcripts. Since I tend to join medical field for an assistant purpose, I am completely aware of the need of understanding relevant language (Skelton). Unlike many other fields of business, it can be well noted that medical field requires clear understanding of procedures. The vocabulary is far different in medical field which is only understandable to the medical practitioners. Considering my involvement in the field of medical, I am sure that if I am aware of language then I would be able to minimize risk of failures. If I will be ordained to perform a task, I will not be in a need to ask again and again because I will be able to understand the requirements as the first place. This is one of the crucial points that are needed to be understood (Skelton). The need of understanding language will also be crucial at the beginning of the day when I will be briefed regarding the goals of each day. Also to make sure that I am able to communicate with personals of administrative, I will have to make a translated version of transcripts. This cannot be done until core terminologies are not understood. This gives a clear idea that it is imperative to study language concerning medical procedures. Reflecting on my current position on language, it can be said that I still need a lot of exercise and practice. I think I am not effective and quick in understanding commands or writing up medicinal transcript to assist senior medical practitioners. I would

Building team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Building team - Essay Example ems begin to develop when the group or team members do not understand their own and others’ responsibilities, or develop unnecessary expectations from others. So, those work teams are more successful that implement a more formal structure within the groups, and ensure that formal procedures and policies are followed throughout the projects assigned, so that problems occurring due to misunderstandings can be deterred. Those workgroups are more effective which offer a collaborative platform to its members, so that a shared communicative environment is made possible where all members can interact with each other without hesitation (Bass, 2012). The members should be able to share their problems with each other and with the supervisors, so that they feel empowered and valued. This motivates them to make a collaborative effort toward the productivity. The leader makes a workgroup more effective when he creates a role-balance between the members (Chong, 2007). In short, those work t eams and work groups tend to be more effective for the businesses in the long run which are managed properly, in terms of communication, collaboration, and role-balance. Chong, E. (2007). Role balance and team development: A study of team role characteristics underlying high and low performing teams. Institute of Behavioral and Applied Management. Retrieved November 25, 2012, from

Ophelia and Gertrude Essay

Ophelia and Gertrude Essay The classical and world-renowned Shakespearean play Hamlet has two very prominent and important female characters as the main roles, Ophelia and Gertrude. As to a surprise, they are similar in many ways. This essay will inform the reader about their similarities or likeness. It is quite obvious that both Gertrude and Ophelia are both motivated by love and a desire for quiet familial harmony among the members of their society in Elsinore. Out of love for her son does Gertrude advise: Dear Hamlet, cast thy nighted color off, And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Do not for ever with thy vailed lids Seek for thy noble father in the dust. (1.2) Likewise does she ask that the prince remain with the family: â€Å"Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet, / I pray thee stay with us, go not to Wittenberg.† Later, when the heros supposed â€Å"madness† is the big concern, Gertrude lovingly sides with her husband in the analysis of her sons condition: â€Å"I doubt it is no other but the main, / His fathers death and our oerhasty marriage.† She confides her family-supporting thoughts to Ophelia: â€Å"And for your part, Ophelia, I do wish / That your good beauties be the happy cause / Of Hamlets wildness,† thereby attempting to keep a loving relationship with the young lady of the court, even though the latter is of a lower social stratum. When Claudius requests of Gertrude, â€Å"Sweet Gertrude, leave us too; / For we have closely sent for Hamlet hither,† Gertrude responds submissively, â€Å"I shall obey you.† Familial love is first among Gertrudes priorities. When, at the presentation of The Mousetrap, she makes a request of her son, â€Å"Come hither, my dear Hamlet, sit by me,† and he spurns her to lie at Ophelias feet, Gertrude is not offended; her loyalty to family overrides such slights. She considers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to be friends of her son, and only for that reason sends them to learn about him; she would never use them as Claudius later does in an attempt to murder Hamlet. And even at the moment of her death, her last words include, â€Å"O my dear Hamlet.† Yes, Gertrude is pro-family. Ophelia manifest great familial affection In similar fashion does Ophelia manifest great familial affection, agreeing to comply with the advice of her brother Laertes: â€Å"I shall the effect of this good lesson keep / As watchman to my heart.† When her father, Polonius, makes inquiry regarding the â€Å"private time† which Hamlet has been giving to Ophelia, she replies unreservedly, â€Å"He hath, my lord, of late made many tenders / Of his affection to me,† and elaborates mightily on the subject. Polonius insists that she â€Å"from this time forth† not â€Å"give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet,† and Ophelia dutifully complies with his wishes: â€Å"I shall obey, my lord.† She later even gives him her love-letters from Hamlet. When she acts as a decoy so that Polonius and Claudius can observe the prince, resulting in Ophelias chastisement by the protagonist, she nevertheless keeps him as the main focus in her life: â€Å"O, what a noble mind is here oerthrown!† Her love for brother, father, boyfriend, and others generally, override her love of self. Her respect for the opinions of immediate family is greater than her respect for her own opinions even in the matter of her courtship. Bonds of family and friends Another similarity between these two lady-characters is that they suffer from a severing of the bonds of family and friends. Gertrude is displeased with Hamlet when, with The Mousetrap, he upsets King Claudius: Guildenstern says to Hamlet, â€Å"The Queen, your mother, in most great affliction of spirit, hath sent me to you.† And when the hero meets with his mother, her concern is: â€Å"Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended.† Of course, Gertrudes grief over the kings upset is soon upstaged by her sons killing of Polonius behind the arras: â€Å"O me, what hast thou done?† and â€Å"O, what a rash and bloody deed is this!† Gertrude, unaware of Claudius murder of King Hamlet, probes the prince for the cause of the disturbance within him: â€Å"What have I done, that thou darst wag thy tongue / In noise so rude against me?† and â€Å"Ay me, what act, / That roars so loud and thunders in the index?† Even when Hamlet has afflicted his mother s soul with great distress, she still tries to preserve the mother-son relationship by referring to him as â€Å"sweet†: â€Å"O speak to me no more! / These words like daggers enter in my ears. / No more, sweet Hamlet!† Even after Hamlet has done considerable emotional damage (â€Å"O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain.†) Gertrude still tries to keep the familial bond from being totally severed by asking â€Å"What shall I do?† and by not revealing to Claudius that her son mistook Polonius for his uncle. Similarly, Ophelia suffers from the severing of the bonds of family and friends. She is traumatized by Hamlets visit after the ghosts appearance, when he has assumed the â€Å"antic disposition,† with â€Å"his doublet all unbraced; / No hat upon his head; his stockings fould,† and other aspects which make him appear as one â€Å"loosed out of hell.† Frank Kermode says that this â€Å"antic disposition† is a foil to Ophelias coming madness (1137). Polonius asks, â€Å"Mad for thy love?† and Ophelia responds, â€Å"My lord, I do not know; / But truly, I do fear it.† This is a time of uncertainty for her, for she has invested herself heavily in â€Å"the love for Hamlet, and her filial love† (Coleridge 353). When she later agrees to be a lure for Hamlet so that her father and the king can study his conduct in her presence, she feels the full loss of the princes affection for her: â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery: why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? [. . .] We are arrant knaves all; believe none of us. Go thy ways to a nunnery.† The severance of the ties with Hamlet cause her to pray for help: â€Å"O, help him, you sweet heavens!† and â€Å"O heavenly powers, restore him!† and â€Å"O, woe is me, / To have seen what I have seen, see what I see!† Later, as the Mousetrap begins, Ophelia readily consents (â€Å"Lady, shall I lie in your lap?†) to Hamlets resting his head on her lap: â€Å"Ay, my lord,† hoping to somewhat restore a dying relationship along with the heros sanity. And she cannot be too agreeable in her efforts with him: â€Å"You are as good as a chorus, my lord,† and â€Å"You are keen, my lord, you are keen.† Male influences Both Ophelia and Gertrude are victimized by male influences in the play. Ophelia is interfered with in her love-life by her brother Laertes, her father Polonius and by Hamlet himself. She is presented â€Å"almost entirely as a victim† (Boklund 123).Gertrude is intruded upon in her relationship with Claudius by Hamlet, by Laertes and by Claudius. The rejection of Ophelia by the prince, plus the loss of her father at Hamlets hands, brings about madness in Ophelia, and later indirectly her death. The devious machinations of Laertes and Claudius effect the accidental death of Queen Gertrude, who imbibes the poisoned cup. Deaths Both Ophelia and Gertrude die incidental, unostentatious deaths of no special moment. Hamlets death and royal burial by Fortinbras is in sharp contrast to the passing of these ladies. Ophelias demise is publicized by the queen: â€Å"One woe doth tread upon anothers heel, / So fast they follow; your sisters drownd, Laertes.† That Laertes should respond with the question, â€Å"Drownd! O, where?† seems out of place, since the most logical question from a loved one would be, â€Å"How?† or â€Å"Why?† The queen replies that â€Å"her garments, heavy with their drink, / Pulld the poor wretch from her melodious lay / To muddy death.† Laertes says briefly, â€Å"Alas, then, she is drownd?† and the queen even more briefly, â€Å"Drownd, drownd.† Until the reaction of Laertes and Hamlet in the grave, Ophelias passing seems to go almost unnoticed. Likewise, when Queen Gertrude later drinks from the poisoned cup on the occasion of the Laertes-H amlet contest of foils, she experiences a quick, quiet death: â€Å"No, no, the drink, the drink,O my dear Hamlet, / The drink, the drink! I am poisond.† And there is no more to the matter, possibly because everyone else is dying at the same time. Another experience which both Ophelia and Gertrude have in common is that they are both attacked verbally by Hamlet. When the prince suspects that Ophelia is a lure (Coleridge 362), he lambasts her with: â€Å"Or, if thou wilt needs marry, marry a fool; for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them. To a nunnery, go, and quickly too. Farewell.† The Queen The queen also bears the brunt of Hamlets melancholic mood. After the â€Å"play within a play† Gertrude asks to see her son, who comes immediately but not in a good humor. At one point he is so aggressive that she thinks perhaps he is going to murder her: â€Å"A bloody deed! Almost as bad, good mother,/As kill a king and marry with his brother.† This alarms the queen, who blurts out, â€Å"As kill a king!† in her appalled mental state, shortly followed by â€Å"What have I done, that thou darst wag thy tongue/In noise so rude against me?† Hamlet leaves the queen in an emotionally spent condition: â€Å"I have no life to breathe / What thou hast said to me.† Both Ophelia and Gertrude possess complex temperament and motivation, thus qualify as rounded, not flat or two-dimensional, characters (Abrams 33). Also both women have a delicacy about them. In recognition of this delicacy, the ghost asks the protagonist to disregard revenge on Gertrude: â€Å"Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive / Against thy mother aught.† Ophelias delicacy is revealed in the appearance of her insanity and later death resulting from the loss of her father and the affection of her boyfriend. WORKS CITED Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999. Boklund, Gunnar. â€Å"Hamlet.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965. Burton, Philip. â€Å"Hamlet.† The Sole Voice. New York: The Dial Press, 1970. N. pag. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/burton-hamlet.htm Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Lectures and Notes on Shakspere and Other English Poets. London : George Bell and Sons, 1904. p. 342-368. http://ds.dial.pipex.com/thomas_larque/ham1-col.htm Kermode, Frank. â€Å"Hamlet.† The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.

Tension in Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night Essay -- Do Not Go G

Tension in Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good   Night  Ã‚   Dylan Thomas’s poem "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good   Night", is an urgent plea from Thomas to his dying father, and all men not to give in to death.   Thomas uses himself as the speaker to the make the poem more personal.   The message of the poem is very inspirational.   Throughout the poem, Thomas uses different imagery and language to illustrate the tension between action and inaction.   The first stanza helps summarizes the meaning of the poem, urging old men to fight death.   In the first stanza of the poem Thomas uses assonance, †Old age should burn and rave at close of day; / Rage, rage against the dying of the light.† (2-3) The use of age in the second line, and rage twice in the third depict assonance.   Here Thomas is trying to disprove the notion that old age is a time to rest, and a time to look back with wishful regrets on one’s experiences. The middle four stanzas are examples of various types of men, their trials of life and the whisper of death upon them.   In ...

Compare/Contrast Organic Food vs Processed Food Essay

How important is the food that the averages person puts into their bodies every day? Eating is a way of making peace, passing the time, sharing friendships, and having a communion. The narrator of Food Inc points out that, â€Å"The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years than in the previous 10,000† (2008). How has it changed? Americans have gone from eating hunter-gatherer style organic greens and fruits, to severely processed sugars, carbohydrates, and high protein meats. Most Americans eat something similar to a â€Å"chicken and pasta† diet nowadays. This may not be bad, but is this â€Å"new† food really better for us than what people ate 50 and 100 years ago? Organic foods are substances that are produced using ways that do not involve modern unneeded synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Organic foods are also not processed using irradiation, industrial solvents, or chemical food additives (dictionary). Convenience food, or tertiary processed food, is commercially prepared food designed for ease of buying and consuming. Products designated as â€Å"convenience or processed foods† are often prepared so they can be sold as hot, ready-to-serve plates; as room-temperature, long lasting shelf life products; or as refrigerated or frozen products that require minimal preparation (usually just microwaving). There are studies that show that the food people consume on a daily basis Taylor 2 can influence them for years to come, and can impact the longevity of lives through weight fluctuation, energy, and healing powers. The most common ads on TV nowadays are weight loss commercials. The average American is overweight, sluggish, and unhealthy. More than one-third of U. S. adults (35. 7%) are obese (Ogden). How does food control our weight? Does processed food cause weight gain more than organic would? Processed and packaged food is filled with unnatural dyes, toxins, and genetically modified ingredients that our bodies don’t know how to react to. These artificial chemicals give the food flavor, color, and a long shelf life, but they also build up in the body and cause the nutritional system to be confused, blocked, and set into fat-storing mode (Davis, William). Consuming fresh vegetables, fruits, and other items grown naturally without any preservatives is what the body naturally expects. It’s easy for that sustenance to be converted to energy because that’s what one’s body expects. An organic diet usually results in a trimmer and more energetic body and mind set. Eating organic is not always helpful to one’s budget; the supply of organic food is more limited than the demand. Handling the food results in higher costs because of the mandatory separation of organic and conventional products, and selling and dispersing the organic food throughout the country can also result in higher costs because it’s rather inefficient and the volumes are smaller (FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization). Fast food may appear to be cheap food and, in the literal sense it often is, but that is because huge social and environmental costs are being excluded from the calculations. Taylor 3 Any analysis of the real cost would have to look at such things as the rise in food-borne illnesses, the advent of new pathogens, such as E.coli 0157, antibiotic resistance from the overuse of drugs in animal feed, extensive water pollution from intensive agricultural systems and many other factors. These costs are not reflected in the price of fast food (Prince Charles). Beyond prices is food security. Can farmers produce enough organic food to sustain the global population? Conventionally made food is easier to find, a lower price, and quicker to prepare. But organic food does yield more than one would think (Michigan State University). The wrong foods have been known to cause diseases, but the right ones have also been known to prevent them, or rid the body of harmful toxins causing the illness. â€Å"Although human bodies are incredibly adaptable and may maintain themselves for a long time when nutrition is improper or lacking, ideal health is dependent on optimum nutrition. † (Allman, 9). â€Å"In 1972, the FDA conducted approximately 50,000 food safety inspections. In 2006, the FDA conducted 9,164† (Food, Inc). Not all food is safe for the body to digest. This quote is not saying that all processed food is bad for the body, and that all organic food is perfect, it’s saying that most food people eat isn’t as clean as it used to be which is much like â€Å"going backwards† from all the progress America has made with food codes and regulations. The question throughout all of this still stands, â€Å"Can the food one eats truly help them live longer? † One of the oldest people alive, Walter Breuning, had an interview about his diet recently. All his life he’s said that most people eat â€Å"just too darn much† (Sanders). Breuning hasn’t eaten supper for the past 35 years. He eats lots of fruit, lots of vegetables, and drinks a Taylor 4 large amount of water. He says that’s the way he likes it, and there’s no denying that it’s helped him go far beyond the average lifespan of an adult male. Whether one considers their weight, lifespan, budget, or general health next time they go out to the grocery store, or consume something to eat, it’s always good to consider something. Mindless eating doesn’t benefit anyone. Do people â€Å"eat to live,† or do they â€Å"live to eat? † Food can affect our weight, lifespan, energy, and health. Eating will never go out of style, and it will always be something that’s talked about in everyday lives.

My Learning Experience Essay

How is it precisely, that people learn things? As you know, when being taught something it is presented through our five senses. Studies indicate that when it comes to the succession of entirely grasping the concept of something, how that information is presented is a governing factor. Furthermore, when you apply this concept to everyday life it is apparent that college educators should present information in a way that is best suitable to the content rather than the student. On my spare time, I like to disassemble and reassemble whatever computer devices I may have in my possession. About a week ago, I discovered that it is possible to get a custom colored added to your Apple iphone. Yesterday, I decided that I was going to learn how to disassemble my iphone. So naturally, when my custom purple parts came in the mail, I decided it was time to go to work. I approached the tasks by using what is known as the â€Å"Scientific Method. † This method is a form of learning style and includes the preliminary steps such as: visual research, recording data, formulating a plan and finally, executing your hypothesis on a test subject. Learning how to do this task is not easy, because I did not have a physical teacher and I was inexperienced with the mechanical design of the Apple iphone. I followed a visual tutorial that I found on Youtube on the disassembly of my specific phone. I watched the video once before determining that if I followed the guide in complete synchronization, that I would be able to apply the proper parts and make the phone look better than before. Which was a custom purple front and back-plate that I ordered online. Next, I put the video on widescreen and tried my best to mimic the guide as he move through the tutorial. I managed to completely disassemble my phone to the smallest of its components due to the effects of the visual interpretation I stored in my head from watching the video. Surprisingly, looking at the phone in pieces made way more sense than looking at it as a whole because you could see how every little piece adds up to its functional design. In my hands on experience, I learned how many things worked on the device without having read a manual. Furthermore, when I began to reassemble my iphone, I felt so confident in my ability that I closed out the tutorial that I reassembled without any help. Furthermore, when I was taking the iphone apart it took me about an hour to fully disassemble it but when I put it back together it took half of the time. This was made possible because of the video of the virtual instructor that I found on Youtube using the â€Å"Scientific Method†. I memorized every piece of the iphone because I had a vivid picture of the tutorial in my mind. This just goes to show how the use of a learning style is a governing factor of whether something is fully learned or not. The articles â€Å" Ask The Cognitive Scientist† and â€Å" The Myth of Learning Styles†, by Daniel T.  Willingham are informational collaborations on the study of cognitive science and its relation to how the human mind learns. On the other hand, the article â€Å"Learning Styles Fact and Fiction† by Derek Bruff slightly differs from the arguments posed by Willingham’s articles. The article â€Å" Ask the Cognitive Scientist†, analyzes whether visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners actually need to be learned though visual, auditory, and kinesthetic instruction. Indicated studies suggest that to learn new material effectively depends on the modality of the content. In other words, it is how new knowledge is introduced to a person that affects whether that material will be able to effectively be learned. In fact, some topics may call for more than one modality to be used. Furthermore, the article â€Å"The Myths on Learning Styles† questions the accuracy of learning styles by illustrating four different theories on learning styles. In summation, the article illustrates that a certain number of factors that vary from person to person and are known to affect learning styles. These factors include ability, background knowledge, interest, and intelligence. The authors argue that the belief in learning styles continue to persevere because learning styles have become common knowledge or a widespread acceptance. In addition, most of the general theories on learning styles are true. However, people need to take into account the differences in learner ability. Overall, the author focuses on the belief that students have different many factors involved when it comes to learning but there are no difference their learning styles. On the other hand, the article â€Å"Learning Styles Fact and Fiction† by Derek Bruff argues that the analysis of the learning styles illustrated by the other two articles may be true, but they area not precise. Furthermore, pinpointing a student’s learning style through test does not have an affect on how well they will learn through various other activities. According to the article, there are precisely three main important factors about modalities drawn from cognitive science. These three factors include are that visual thinking tools help everyone, using the best modality or modalities for the content, and that people learn new material best when they encounter numerous times in numerous different ways. Overall, the incorporated studies illustrate the concept that how information is presented to a person effects how effectively a person learns that information. My experience further displays how the use of an effective learning style as a means of approach when dealing with a task I’m not experienced in is a tremendous contribution to whether information presented to a person is fully understood or not.

11 Terrorist Attacks Essays

9/11 Terrorist Attacks Essays 9/11 Terrorist Attacks Essay 9/11 Terrorist Attacks Essay An Analysis of the 9/11 Terrorist Attack On September 11, 2001, 19 Al Qaeda terrorists hijacked four United States commercial airliners travelling from the east coast to California. The hijackers forcibly took control of four planes. Two planes were purposefully crashed into the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City. The third aircraft was flown into the Pentagon building in Washington DC. The fourth plane landed in a Pennsylvania field. All of the people on board the aircrafts were killed. There were 2996 people killed including the hijackers and the airline passengers and the victims on the ground in New York and Washington DC. A total of 836 first responders also died as the result of their efforts to rescue people in the WTC before it collapsed (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). According to the US government, 9/11 was an act of war. The United States government, state and local agencies mobilized during the disaster. Victims in New York and Washington DC were taken to area hospitals for medical treatment. As the result of the terrorist attack, the government instituted a series of measures that changed the United States policy towards terrorism and homeland security. The aftermath of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks left the country in a state of shock. The report on 9/11 details the steps taken by the government during the attack on the WTC and the Pentagon. The attacks caused wide-spread confusion among air traffic controllers and news organizations. During 9/11, the government used radio and television to communicate with people and inform them of the situation. Grisly scenes of the wreckage were replayed in the media. Government and state agencies communicated with each other via radio and walkie talkie. Cell phone and telephone services were impossible; because, the volume of calls disabled communications networks. Because of the possibility of more 9/11 style attacks, the government immediately invoked SCATANA, Security Control of Air Traffic and Navigation Aids. United States (US) airspace was closed to all aircraft except for military aircraft, and the US border was closed to international travel. Planes that were in flight were ordered to land immediately. International planes that were travelling to the United States were forced to land in Mexico or Canada. Because the 9/11 terrorists targeted the White House and the Pentagon, the federal government created a contingency plan for the continuity of government in cases of emergency. In addition, a plan for the evacuation of the top American political leaders was developed and implemented in case of future terrorist attacks (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). On September 11, 2011, the government declared a state of emergency. The United States military and the National Guard were mobilized. The states of CT, NJ, NY, and VA also mobilized resources. The government passed the USA Patriot Act which allowed law enforcement officials to invade the privacy of citizens suspected of terrorism. The National Security Agency also employed listening devices to eavesdrop on the telephone and email communications of people in the USA and other countries without a warrant. In addition, The Homeland Security Act was passed in 2002 to protect the United States from terrorism and natural disasters. Because of the Patriot Act, several of the masterminds of the 9/11 terrorist attacks were captured, like Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). After the first attack in New York, the New York Police Department (NYPD), Port Authority Police Department (PAPD), and Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were mobilized to care for the wounded, conduct search and rescue operations. In New York City, the subway was closed and main roadways were cleared for emergency use. In Washington DC, similar actions were taken to secure the city and the surrounding area. In New York, the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) also began search and rescue and firefighting efforts. After the 2nd plane crashed, 2000 NYPD officers rushed to the World Trade Center. In addition, there were numerous port authority officers coordinating efforts with the NYPD and FDNY. In New York City, the Office of Emergency Management (OEM) was located at the WTC. Difficulties occurred in New York because the OEM office was destroyed after the second airplane crash and had to relocate. In addition, many people were trapped in the WTC because rooftop rescues were not possible, and airspace was closed. The authorities and people trapped in the WTC were unprepared for the mass evacuation which occurred. Inadequate communications also created problems in the aftermath of 9/11. Government and local agencies communicated with one another by radio or walkie talkie, as cell phone communications were impossible. Problems occurred with the state and local response in New York because the number of 911 calls disabled the emergency channels. In addition, messages to first responders were given inaccurately which caused problems with search and rescue operations. First responders in New York failed to get relevant radio messages which resulted in the deaths of firefighters and civilians (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). A triage station was established, at the WTC, to treat victims with injuries and transport them to area hospitals. Problems occurred because of lack of communication among the EMS staff and area hospitals. In addition, there was no helicopter transport for the most critically injured patients. Some reports suggested that many of the physicians who became first responders were not adequately trained in emergency medical procedures (Simon Teperman, 2001). In Washington DC, local, regional, state, federal, police, fire, and military agencies responded to the Pentagon attack. In addition, FEMA, the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms, Red Cross, Department of Defense, Ronald Reagan National Airport Fire Department, and the VA Department of Emergency Management assisted. Prior to the Pentagon attack, the government received advanced warning of the hijacking and began evacuating all personnel. Because of the swift evacuation of the Pentagon and skillful mobilization of the state government and local agencies, there were fewer casualties than in New York. Communication in Washington DC was conducted by pagers and walkie talkies, as radio and cell phones did not operate. In the aftermath of the attack, Operation Solace and the Dilorenzo Clinic were established to provide families and victims of the attack with mental health care and therapy. Pentagon workers were desensitized and returned to work as quickly as possible. Operation Solace and the Dilorenzo Clinic were highly successful. People were able to return to work within several days of the attack, and there were no long-term mental health consequences. The Pentagon Family Assistance Center was created to assist people who lost a family member and were homeless because of the attack. Homeless families were housed in the Sheraton hotel for a month and provided with housing assistance. The government also assisted families with financial assistance and memorial services (Ritchie, n. d. ). The 9/11 terrorist attacks were the first large scale attacks in America since Pearl Harbor. The government should be given credit for mobilizing quickly, and speedily establishing services to care for the wounded. Because the government took immediate action, closed airspace and warned the pentagon of the impending attack, lives were saved. Problems with the 9/11 response occurred in the areas of communication and lack of training in some first responders. In future disasters, communication should be conducted by walkie talkie or text message instead of radio and cell phone. Studies have also suggested that first responders need better training to handle large scale emergency events. In the 9/11 disaster, over 3000 people lost their lives. However, because of the courageous actions of the American people and government and local agencies, many people survived the tragedy. The lesson of 9/11 continues to affect American policy on terrorism and disaster planning, at the state and federal level (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). References (National Commision On Terrorist Attacks 2004 9/11 commission report)The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (2004). The 9/11 commission report (). Retrieved May 10, 2011, from The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks website: 9-11commission. gov/report/911Report. pdf (Ritchie E 2011510 9/11 response to the pentagon)Ritchie, E. (n. d. ). The 9/11 response to the pentagon. Retrieved May 10, 2011, from newpaltz. edu/idmh/keynote3ritchie. pdf (Simon R Teperman S 2001 World Trade Center attack: Lessons for disaster management)Simon, R. , Teperman, S. (2001). The World Trade Center attack: Lessons for disaster management. Critical Care, 5(6), 318-320. (United States Government 20010911 George W. Bush 9/11 address to the nation)United States Government. (2001, September 11). George W. Bush 9/11 address to the nation. Retrieved May 10, 2011, from americanrhetoric. com/speeches/gwbush911addresstothenation. htm

Yahoo's to rise fame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Yahoo's to rise fame - Essay Example The development of other Yahoo portals outside the U.S. which replicated its business model helped the company to develop. The portals could be accessed by users in twelve different languages. They were also customized to the desire of local users. This increased Yahoo’s number of users greatly, a very important factor as it was user traffic that generated revenues (Jones, 453). The vision by Yahoo to become a global communication, media and retail company led them to go into e-commerce. This strategy was necessary so as to diversify their sources of revenue. The idea was to conduct e-commerce and take a small percentage of revenue as fees. In 1998, Yahoo store was established in line with this strategy. Heavy advertising through radio and television made Yahoo popular. These strategies worked greatly as the number of registered users rose from 26 million to 50 million by the end of 1998. Its share price also rose from $5 to $244 in early 1999 during the dot-com boom (Jones,456). A new strategy to lock in users was developed to reduce the movement of users to other portals. Yahoo allowed users to customize their pages. High degree of customization caused high switching costs and thus making it difficult for users to change. Attractive web content, which was free, also increased traffic to its portal and provided more advert revenues. However, during the dot-com bubble burst, advert revenues fell. This resulted in a fall in the stock price. Competition from new entrants such as MySpace, Monster.com and YouTube further worsened the situation. Google, a new search engine, was also becoming popular. Customized portals such as Amazon .com and social networking portals which entered the market were a further upset to Yahoo. Its content driven strategy came into question as other companies offered for free what Yahoo offered at a fee (Jones, 459). Many analysts believed that it was the over reliance on

Labor Relation Law and The Railway Labor Act Essay

Labor Relation Law and The Railway Labor Act - Essay Example As the report declares The guiding purpose of the Labor relations Law was to protect the worker by providing a workable vehicle by which the unionization process would be facilitated, thereby enabling collective bargaining. It (was) a reality that basic labor law did not favor labor or unions. The NLRA was ostensibly structured to provide a more equitable approach to dispute resolution. According to the paper findings The National Labor Relations Board is a five person appointed federal agency charged with conducting elections for labor union representation and with investigating and remedying unfair labor practices. The NLRB was established in 1935 through passage of the National Labor Relations Act, better known as the Wagner Act, and amended by the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. The Board’s jurisdiction is limited to private sector employees; it has no authority over labor relations disputes involving government employees, or railroad and airline employees covered by the Railway Labor Act or agriculture employees. In those parts of the private sector it does cover, on the other hand, its jurisdiction standards are low enough to reach almost all employees whose business has any appreciable impact on interstate commerce. The Taft-Hartley Act also created a formal administrative distinction between the Board and the General Counsel of The NLRB. In broad terms, the General Counsel is responsible for investigating and prosecuting unfair labor practice claims, the Board on the other hand, is the adjudicative body that decides the unfair labor practice cases brought to it. ... and remedying unfair labor practices. The NLRB was established in 1935 through passage of the National Labor Relations Act, better known as the Wagner Act, and amended by the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. The Board's jurisdiction is limited to private sector employees; it has no authority over labor relations disputes involving government employees, or railroad and airline employees covered by the Railway Labor Act or agriculture employees. In those parts of the private sector it does cover, on the other hand, its jurisdiction standards are low enough to reach almost all employees whose business has any appreciable impact on interstate commerce. The Taft-Hartley Act also created a formal administrative distinction between the Board and the General Counsel of The NLRB. In broad terms, the General Counsel is responsible for investigating and prosecuting unfair labor practice claims, the Board on the other hand, is the adjudicative body that decides the unfair labor practice cases brought to it. While the general Counsel has limited independence to argue for a change in the law in presenting cases to the Board, once the Board has decided the issue it is the General Counsels responsibility to 3 defend the Board's decision, even if it is contrary to the position he argued when initially presenting the case to the board. The Board is also responsible for the administration of the Acts provision governing the holding of elections and resolution of jurisdictional disputes. The Board has

S.O.A.P Analysis for the ten essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

S.O.A.P Analysis for the ten essays - Essay Example [98words] The current essay is a humorous piece, so it has more of entertaining meaning and probably was written as a kind of ‘intermezzo’. As we can see from the text itself, the author was inspired by the comical incident in the hotel room that happened to him â€Å"recently†, when he was to â€Å"introduce the president of the company to the group of customers†. However, a funny (or terrifying?) situation that occurred to Koch, made his president â€Å"give up waiting and introduce himself† without Koch’s help. Thus, there were no specific occasions for publishing this essay except entertainment and fun. [100 words] As a piece written in humorous style, ‘Naked in Orlando’ addresses no particular audience or certain group of people. The essay is obviously directed to the wide audience of readers preferring light reading. The author uses neither specific language nor references to ‘global topics’ like religion, history, nation or nature. Koch just painted his ‘horror bathroom story’ in bright colors describing his â€Å"adventure† in detail. However, even though the essay is intended for a wide audience, its humoristic nature would probably be better understood by those who are familiar with Agent MacGyver series which was on TV till early 1990’s. [100 words] The purpose of the piece is entertaining the reader and conveying the message that nobody is secured from a misfortune (either funny or serious) and sometimes only good fortune can help as it actually did when the â€Å"maintenance guy† appeared and helped the narrator out of his prison with â€Å"mirrors and high-voltage light bulbs turning it into an oven†. The author uses numerous dramatic exaggerations to make the story sound more serious and funny at the same time. Turning an ordinary nasty misfortune into an action with ‘thrilling’ descriptions and allusion to agent MacGyver help to convey the humoristic message of the piece. [100

Othellos position as an outsider fuelled by his insecurities Essay Example for Free

Othellos position as an outsider fuelled by his insecurities Essay In what ways does Othellos position as an outsider fuelled by his insecurities bring about his downfall? Shakespeare was on of the greatest writer of all time he wrote many plays and among them there are his timeless tragedies. Some of the most popular are Romeo and Juliet, a typical love tragedy, Macbeth and the famous Othello. Tragedy is one of the oldest genres in literature. It started off in Greek times and one of the earliest writers was Aristotle. Shakespeare was influenced by Greek and Roman thought and ideas, which he used in his own revenge tragedies. Shakespearean tragedies are all set around the hero. The hero normally has a fatal flaw that causes the downfall of the hero. These ideas are clearly shown in the revenge tragedy Othello. In the play, Othello is a typical revenge hero. Othello is a cultural and racial outsider he is a moor, which is a natural of Northern Africa. This featured separates him from the other characters. He is a well-respected man who is a loyal officer and has repeatedly proved himself in a battle, but people still do not accept him as one of them. This fuels Othellos insecurities and the way people treat and talk to him build on the many insecurities he already has. Throughout the play there are many references to Othellos race and social background. In scene one the audience are introduced to Othello through Iago and Brabantio conversing about him. The audience are informed that he is marrying the Kings daughter (Desdemona) behind the Kings back. This is highlighted by a quote from Act one Scene one A black ram is tupping your white +ewe. The audiences first impressions of Othello are that he is sly and untrustworthy. The imagery used by Iago black ram and white yew signifies the differences between Desdemona and Othello, Othello is black and Desdemona is white. Not simply this but other ideas are connoted by these images to the audience. Black symbolising hate and evil while white symbolising purity, good and angelic. This opposite effect between them gives a negative effect on the audience about Othello. Witchcraft is spoken of He thought twas witchcraft by Iago and Rodrigo as there is no other reason for a pure and angelic character to love such a hideous beast. The ideas of witchcraft being mentioned shows that people are thinking that Othello has put a spell on Desdemona for her to love him. Othello isnt seen as attractive or conventionally good looking. His colour makes him unappealing and frightening implied by the imagery used by people in the play when speaking about Othello. When referring to Othello. The Moor and Thick lips are used as references to Othellos colour in many scenes. The imagery of animals or beasts is used a lot, Black ram and barbary horse. This is bringing Othello to an animalistic level with the imagery of wild un tamed animals or beasts. This is used to insult Othellos colour and his racial background. By saying he is of a low level and uncivilised. Although a lot of insults are directed towards Othello these insults are never spoken to his face. This is because Othello is a valuable and skilled soldier he has done a lot for the country and people respect him for that. I have done the state some service and they knowt. When speaking to Othello, Iago and Rodrigo call him my lord This shows respect and Othello seems to be accepted into their Venetian society because of his fighting ability, although the dramatic irony is clearly shown when Iago says, I do hate him as I do hells pains but when speaking to Othello in Act 4 Scene 4 he says. You know I love you my lord. This would be one thing that would change the audiences views about Othello and make them more aware of Iago as this starts to show his true colours. Iago mentions the word hell signifying the devil and pure evil, this again relates to the views and opinions people have on Othellos racial background. His black skin reinforces the images and thoughts also. Discrimination is a key theme during this play a lot of which is aimed at Othello. Although Othello has been accepted into their society he still feels conscious about his racial background as he states , haply, for I am black. Othello knows that hes an outsider to them and understands why, his unknown qualities may be threat to some but on the other hand others are intrigued which Is shown when he says, her father loved me/oft invited me/still questioned me about the story of my life. People do not like to accept the unknown but like to question it or like Iago feel the need to push it away. The unknown is ventured into by Desdemona she crosses the line between her society and the unknown by marrying Othello. This shocks and seems outrageous but it helps Othello be accepted more into their society. Desdemona was once too scared by Othellos race this is highlighted by the quote And when she seemed to shake and fear your looks. But she looked beyond this I saw Othellos visage in his mind. This shows that if one can see the inner beauty then why cant every one else? Perception is a key theme during the play. The audience see that Othello is beautiful not on the outside but on the inside. Iago although he appears beautiful the audience see a different view they see more than skin deep. Desdemona accepts Othello for who he is, therefore Othello feels safe and secure with her. He loves and adores Desdemona and would do anything for her. This is clearly shown in Act4 Scene4 And I when I love thee not, chaos is come again. This is implying that without Desdemonas love it would be the end of the world, the end of Othello. When Iago starts to question Desdemonas love for Othello, Othello now feels he cannot trust Desdemona. This affects him because she makes him feel accepted because she loves him for who he is and now he feels unaccepted into their society. Iago knows this so he plays on these insecurities to get what he wants. I think this quote is a good description telling the audience he is comparing Othello to an Ass, and Iago is leading him with his lies. And will as tenderly be led by thnose as asses are. This creates an image of an animal being led away so easily by something so simple, but by something it loves and craves. Iago does not tell Othello anything about Desdemona and Cassio he just cleverly puts thoughts into Othellos head, it is shown well n this quote, Ha I like not thatNothing my lord. Iago immediately catches Othellos attention and he is eager to find out more. Iago plants the seed of doubt and nurtures it over act 3. Iago carries on and starts to mention Cassio although he doesnt say anything about Desdemona and Cassio being together he implies it, shown in this quote I cannot think he would sneak away so guilty like, seeing you coming. These quick sentences get Othellos mind racing, with doubt and jealousy. The words that make Othello eager are sneak and guilty this really sets the scene for a private affair. Othello panics and he answers Iago quick trying to find out more. What dost though think? As the scene progresses Othello becomes suspicious and starts to get annoyed with Iago, as it seems Iago knows something and is not telling Othello, Othello says Show me thy thought. Othello, feeling an outsider already is now separated from the group even more as there are secrets revolving around that he knows nothing of. Iago realises that Othello may not believe him, to get Othello to trust him and start to believe him he says You know I love you my lord. This dramatic Irony starts to show the audience that the real villain is Iago in the play and their sympathy goes out to Othello as all he is, is another cog in Iagos conniving and twisted plan. Toward the end of the scene Iago starts to really play on the insecurities of Othello. She did deceive her father marrying you. This implies that if she can deceive her own blood then what chance does Othello have? This idea was brought up at the start of the play when Othello was speaking to Desdemonas father, and he warns Othello of her background telling him that she has deceived him many times before. So Othello starts to really believe it now. Why did I marry? To make sure Othello really understands Iago, Iago starts to imply that Othello being an outsider means he does not know a lot about their society. Iago comes from this society so anything said, Othello will believe because he doesnt know any different. In Venice they do not let god see their pranks, they dare not show their husbands; their best conscious. Here Iago is implying that Venetian women are not what they seem. Iago knows this from past experience and implies Othello has been pulled in by their deceptive ways. Othello is starting to doubt his position in the society as he realises he does not know enough. This plays on his insecurities and he feels more of an outsider than hes ever felt. This is shown by his epileptic fits on stage as he works himself up so much his body shuts itself down. His epileptic fits contribute to his outsider qualities as this is a fault within him, which separates him from the society. People dont understand him and therefore cant accept him totally into their society. This gives Iago a chance to work situations to his advantage like the Cassio and Bianca scene. Othello becomes more and more insecure and vulnerable he needs to rely on Iagos advises more. Iago gets him to depend on him and a power change occurs. The audience are aware of the change by Act 4 scene 4 when it is clearly shown. From then on Othello becomes more and more insecure, and Iago feeds on his weakness. Rude am I in speech / And little blessed with the soft phrase of peace. (A statement form Othello.) This is showing us that Othello is presenting himself as an outsider and constantly brings up his differences from other Venetians. This insecurity is brought on by the thoughts of other people. If everyone else thinks it, then Othello starts to think it too because he is so unsure about himself. Another quote that shows this is when Othello says, Haply for I am black/and have not those soft parts of conversation. Othello knows he is discriminated against his colour and he admits it Haply for I am black, his colour is linked to the ideas of a beast he refers to this by saying, have not those soft parts. The soft in this sentence is the total opposite of what is thought about Othello. He now discriminated himself and compares him self to other people and this is when he thinks his whole world is crumbling around him especially because his one true love has supposedly betrayed him. If Othello chooses not to believe in himself and lets himself be an outsider from the rest, then what chance does he have expecting others to accept him? Othellos position as an outsider is in a lot of way fuelled by his insecurities. This is a serious weakness that comes across on Othello and the paranoia he has upon himself does not help. Desdemona gave him the confidence to not care, but Iagos twisted and conniving ways led Othello to believe his one true love was not there beside him any more helping him through the tough times. Desdemona fuelled the little confidence Othello had and it was this reason that Iago used to break Othello. In the last scene Othello speaks Like a base Indian, threw a pearl away. Here in this metaphor Othello has realised Desdemona was his pearl the one thing left that made him she was his world and his world had now gone.

The Nature Of Kingship In Hamlet English Literature Essay

The Nature Of Kingship In Hamlet English Literature Essay You will never say that Shakespeares plays are only mundane waste of ink. The manner in which Shakespeare treats the nature of kingship in Hamlet reflects the essential tone and themes of these works. I am going to illustrate this through this paper. Shakespeares plays are always influence on people, they are fascinating and truthfully, sincere and touching. Each of his tragedies shows us pure evil or eternal love: different humans relationships that are why Shakespeares works are famous throughout the centuries. Time changes and people change with it, but main problems and questions are still the same. It can generally be said that this great author shows many-sided peoples relations and feelings, contradictory or high-minded actions. The purpose of the essay is to prove the thesis basic statement and analyze Hamlets reaction to the appearance of his fathers ghost. The paper contains such requirements as thesis, argument and content that demonstrate an awareness of complexity and co ntradiction in approach to the text; writing shows evidence of abstract, critical and careful original thought; thesis provides a strong, coherent critical argument that is developed through the course of the essay. Main question To understand the plot and context of this play Hamlet clearly we should mention the period when it was written and events, which accompanied that period. According to Atchley, Hamlet expects his audience to perceive the Ghost for what it is, a diabolical manifestation on a mission to trick Hamlet into forfeiting his soul the plays devastating/destructive conclusion supports this interpretation. In exhorting Hamlet to commit murder through an act of revenge, the Ghost plays most foully for Hamlets soul. The piteous action that the Ghost makes is directed [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] at Hamlet, to wring his emotions and drive him to distraction to make Gertrude think him mad. And it succeeds (2002, pg 12-14, 18). As far as I am concerned, Shakespeare is said not to be publisher of any of his plays and thus none of the original manuscripts has survived. However, during his lifetime eighteen unauthorized versions of his various plays were published in some editions by different publishers (in addi tion, during era of Elizabeth there were not any copyright norms or laws that could protect Shakespeares various works). Henry Fuseli depicted the Hamlet, who is under his fathers ghost control: In Hamlet, a play in no small part pervaded by abstractions and conscious role playing, we find that the kingship is shown in terms of abstractions, contradictions and the self-conscious playing of the king. Hamlet lost his father, who was killed by the king. Moreover, his mother was dishonored by the same man. Thus, for the reasons given above, Hamlets heart was full of revenge lust. After the king was unmasked, Hamlet was betrayed and send far away, nevertheless, he returned to find the truth. At the end many people died, unfortunately, Hamlet too. This story takes your breath and a part of your heart as Shakespeares works usually do. But in spite of all the things with which Hamlet professes dissatisfaction, it is said that Hamlet and heir apparent of Denmark should think about such problems in philosophical and personal terms. Because of his own carelessness he forgets about the problems of the country and the threats to its stability from within. Unfortunately, blindness and truth will never be divided without the eruption of chaos. This picture illustrates the Hamlets meeting his fathers ghost. According to Atchley, the religious atmosphere in Elizabethan England and how this may have affected Shakespeares audience are considered, particularly the differing Catholic and Protestant beliefs concerning ghosts and the supernatural. Instead of defining the true nature of ghosts for his audiences, Shakespeare incorporates within his play both Catholic and Protestant views of the Ghost and also presents a third perspective on the Ghost, one steeped in folkloric tradition (2002, pg 5-20). Hamlet thought and supposed that his father was killed by his uncle. Talking about the Hamlets reaction to the ghost that he met, I must mention that after Hamlet met his fathers ghost, his thought was to revenge. The most awful and terrifying thing for Hamlet was even not the treat of his uncle (when he killed Hamlets father), but the fact that mother married to his uncle. When Hamlet saw his fathers ghost he was worried, surprised and it evoked in Hamlet so many contradictory thoughts. The fathers ghost appeared in Act I Scenes I, IV, and V, and Act III Scene IV in the play. The ghost appeared always at night. Hamlet was really scared and terrified when he met his fathers ghost and he had doubts: is it his fathers ghost or devil. The fathers ghost told Hamlet that he was murdered by his uncle. Thus, Hamlet decided to revenge, because his fathers ghost asked him. However, Hamlet suspected his uncle in murder even before the fathers ghost appeared. Hamlet does not have any doubts. Hamlet and Goracio are the most reasonable and clever persons, whose words and thoughts are based on logical arguments and reasons. Goracio was really good and faithful friend, who helped Hamlet during all his life. In consequence, they paid for it, unfortunately. According to Atchleys words, the question becomes, once the Ghost has accomplished his goal by motivating Hamlet to commit revenge (and, hence, to loose his soul), why does it appear later in the closet scene and in its nightgown? The answer is to perform two functions: first, to prevent Hamlets convincing of Gertrude to repent; the Ghosts appearing only to Hamlet intensifies Hamlets apparent madness such that Gertrude attributes Hamlets accusations to his insanity. Her moment of grace has passed (2002, pg 16). The theme about the reaction of Hamlet on the meeting his fathers ghost is very specific. It is obvious that Hamlet was scared and worried when he met the ghost of his murdered father. He just evoked in Hamlet feeling of confidence in that his uncle was evil and bad person (who had to be punished evidently). In addition, Hamlet was definitely embarrassed in the reason of his mother and his uncle marriage. Definitely, it can be said that Hamlet is complicated and mysterious wor ld, which contains of pure love, evil and jealousy that makes people mad and obsessed. Does this play teach us something? Without any doubts, it does. It can definitely be said. This play is a mysterious world, it can be judged or understood, but never wiped off. Creations of their authors, plays include feelings, words, and dearest moments. Any way, each of us has to choose its own way, its own ending of the story and love. Conclusion According to Atchley, the counter argument is that the Ghost tells the truth surrounding the circumstances of old Hamlets death, as corroborated by Claudius private confession of guilt; but a devil is capable of telling the truth if it enables him to achieve his goal (2002, pg 5-20). Shakespeares plays touch human feelings and relationships, first, friendship and love. That is why people are looking for the answers for their questions in Shakespeares creations. That is why this man is known by each of us. That is why his works leave some trace in our minds and hearts. It can generally be said that this great author shows many-sided peoples relations and feelings, contradictory or high-minded actions. His plays are heart touching, overwhelming and breathtaking. People look for answers in his plays and sonnets, because he illustrates different relationships between us, and each of it shows how people face problems and difficult questions. Therefore, Shakespeare is a great writer who cr eated many masterpieces. He showed how cruel and liberal, evil and worrying can be our world. Moreover, I can claim that you will not be disappointed after reading his works. The entity struggle between love and betray, good and bad, life and death worries the brightest minds of humanity, including Shakespeare. Each of us eventually spends a good deal of time thinking about such problems, sooner or later our thoughts become older and more serious. Thus, we turn to great people words and works to be helped. Of course, thoughts can be different, but one fact is beyond doubts.

The Anatomy of Abuse Essay -- essays research papers

The Anatomy of Abuse While this paper cannot be a definitive guide to the nature of the abuser, the victims relationship with the abuser and societies part in encouraging gender bias, I hope it will add to the pool of knowledge. It is my hope that, at least in a small way, this paper will be an aid towards helping us all understand the nature of domestic abuse and those who perpetrate or encourage it. George Rolph. London 2004. The abusers -- Actors in disguise. First and foremost abusers are actors. It makes no difference what gender the abusive personality is, their primary skill is to emulate normal behaviour in order to disguise their own condition. I have spoken to many victims of abuse who say that the person they met and fell in love with â€Å"gradually changed† into a monster. This is often one of the most confusing and distressing aspects of abuse from the victims point of view. It is also a situation that the abuser will exploit with varying degrees of vicious skill. While it is impossible to be specific on these subjects in every case, careful observation and research have uncovered certain general consistencies I want to discuss here. The question is; what is going on in the abusers mind that causes them to suddenly, or gradually, become abusive to their new partner? It appears that the abusive personality has learned, by observation and by mimicry of those around them, how to give every appearance of normality and stability for often quite extended periods of time. This means that they are able to convince new partners that they are really charming, wonderful people who should be trusted and are worthy of love and care. This act is easy to maintain in certain social situations and where the abuser has minimal contact with others in an average day. For example, in a work situation where he/she will be in contact with others for a maximum of eight hours per day. Another social situation may be one of casual friendships made in pubs and clubs. Under these conditions the actor (abuser) need only be convincing as a normal person for a minimum amount of time. This is why many friends of the abuser find it hard to believe that the person they think they know could be capable of such barbarity within a long term relationship. In the case of female abuse rs, this difficulty is compounded by social and political myths that see females only as victi... ... Men and boys are subjected to massive amounts of prejudice in everything from education provision; medical cancer research (breast versus testicular for example); housing provision; Divorce; the right to bring up their children alone; hugely insulting articles; newspaper stories and books; job security issues as a result of so-called â€Å"positive† discrimination; discriminatory advertising on the television; hate speech; political discrimination; legal rights and censorship of the male point of view in the media. If men complain about this they are ridiculed and called whiners sometimes by other so-called men in the media but, most often, by radical feminist media spokesmen. This prejudice has led to an explosion of single mothers and the most confused and damaged generation of children our country has ever known. Will someone please tell me the benefits of this utopian radical feminist, left wing view of modern society? * For a great cautionary tale of statistics and their manipulation go to this page on the Web: http://www.ifeminists.net/introduction/editorials/2004/0324.html Copyright  © George Rolph. April 2004 Founder of No More Silence. Contact: grolph(@)no-more-silence.org

Internship Narrative

Internship Narrative My planned internship will be with Delaware North Company in their (Milwaukee) Sportservice division at Miller Park in the Majestic Team Store. I will be working under the direction of _______, who is the Retail Assistant Manager. This internship will fit well into my professional career objectives, is appropriate for my education, and will expand my knowledge in business operations. My career goal is to become a general manager in some area in hospitality. I have always been interested in a career that is mainly interpersonal and social, not sitting in a cubicle crunching numbers all day.Rather being out on the floor talking and meeting people. This position will give some insight to management in the service industry. My position at Miller Park will be overseeing the terrace level store’s operations and supervising the retail associates in that store. It is a great way for me to test my skills at management. Going from a fellow employee to one of their s upervisors will be difficult. I was a retail store attendant and now am a store supervisor. My old duties as a cashier were limited, I could only do sales. As a manager or supervisor I can now do a return, sell a gift certificate, or give a discount.I have more responsibilities as well outside cashiering. Now I am in charge of coming in on non-game days to restock and check in inventory, clean up and change out the displays, and any filler jobs that my supervisor might have. It will be quite a change from my previous position because of the amount of work and responsibility added to the new position. When I was a cashier, I could only come in two hours before gates open, leave about an hour after games, and could only work games. Now I have the opportunity to come in on non-game days, which leads to more hours but also much more responsibility.During these new hours before games I will be checking and ordering inventory up from warehouse, getting change for the cash registers, and a ny other miscellaneous jobs left to complete before the store attendants arrive. As a cashier I was only in charge of checking my register area, whereas now I am in charge of the whole store in making sure it is running smoothly during the game. This is completely different than my old position’s duties. It will be more challenging but will help prepare me for my career goal in management which is makes it worth doing.This internship is appropriate for my education because I can apply many skills and techniques I’ve learned in the classroom. The top classes I plan to incorporate into my internship are * Interpersonal Communication * Leadership and Management * Organizational Behavior In interpersonal communication we discussed the different patterns for group communication. I found this very helpful because it reminded me of how most leaders will run a meeting or discussion. The first figure (Figure 1) is from our chapter on communicating in the workplace from my inter personal communication textbook.It shows the three common patterns of group communication. While trying to get us involved in his lecture, our speech professor would incorporate the different patterns of group communication. Pattern A is how most teachers or managers will typically run a discussion, where it is them talking to all individuals at once. Most lectures are this way, and it made us realize how little communication or involvement there was from the rest of the class. When we used pattern B, it left out the shy and quiet students and didn’t get their opinions across. When we used pattern C, we were able to get everyone involved in the discussion.We were able to do this by having a tally marked next to our name every time we spoke or had a comment to add. By the end of the discussion, everyone had spoken at least once to get a tally. I plan on using the pattern we all agreed in class would be more effective which was pattern C. It represents the total group and each member being heard, the best for reliable conclusions. A is too rigid and is a leader-dominated group. It tends to lead to poor discussion. This internship will be a great way for me to test and experiment with pattern C and see how effective it can be.At the beginning of each shift we have a team meeting in each store. I plan on having each person contribute something in these meetings that might need more attention or could be changed. In leadership and management, we would mainly discuss what leadership styles there were, referring to the behavioral patterns that a person portrays when that person is trying to lead. The two main portrayals were task-oriented leaders and person-oriented leaders. Most effective leaders would have both skills. I want to become one of those leaders.One who determines what has to be done and how to go about doing tasks effectively as a task-oriented leader. As well as one who will also suggest ways of accomplishing the task at hand, but also will enco urage others to determine how. We also discussed how to prepare for such leadership in the six steps suggested and researched by Fred Fiedler (1967): â€Å"be knowledgeable about the particular tasks, develop mental models for managing meaning, work harder than anyone else, be personally committed to group goals and needs, be willing to be decisive, and develop people skills as well as task skills. In order to be an effective supervisor, I will need to work hard at becoming more knowledgeable about the store and its surroundings, the RetailPro program we use, and how to open and close down a store. I will need to be able to anticipate what if scenarios such as what if the program shuts down while quick-pulling and we need to switch all registers over to the hand held card readers. I am a hard worker, but will need to work even harder as a manager because I need to set a good example for all the employees to follow.I will also need to keep the group motivated in reaching the goals s et for the store, perhaps exceed well over the minimum for sales for most of the home stands. There will be times when I will have to make a decision and get resented, such as writing someone up for being on their phone, but I will need to be decisive and follow through with the discipline. Finally, I will have to work hard at finding that balance of people and task skills. Seeing to it that everyone has had their chance to contribute, handle conflicts in ways that end in better terms, and support their opinions and follow through on them if they are appropriate.Organizational behavior covered a comprehensive view of organizational theory and behavior by studying individual and group behaviors and how these interrelate with the organization’s structure, systems, and goals. Early on we discussed three basic managerial roles: interpersonal, informational, and decision-making. Right now I consider the internship to be under mainly an interpersonal role, which covers skills used to communicate with, understand, and motivate individuals and groups; a critical skill for first-line managers, according to our textbook by Griffin and Moorhead, as you can see from Figure 2.This figure was taken from our powerpoint on the overview of organizational behavior chapter. From the figure, you can see that technical and interpersonal skills are the most important. However still need to have some conceptual and diagnostic skills. This way of laying out these skills based on their contemporary Organizational Behavior approach is very clever in showing the level of each skill set to each level of management. I will be entering this industry as a first line manager while working under the direction of a middle manager and hope to someday become a top manager in the service industry.One way to implement the interpersonal skill will be by motivation. A main part of motivation process is need deficiency. I have to be able to motivate the employees to maintain some professionali sm while still having a bit of fun. Make it a little competitive to make them do their best with a reward system, resembling a goal-directed behavior. In this case, it follows the traditional approach by Fredrick Taylor where it assumes that employees are motivated solely by money. This is true for the entry level position of retail store attendants.This internship will expand my knowledge in business operations. Two skills I plan to take away from other workers at this position is * An increase in my confidence * Communication skills I am a very outgoing person, however when I am in a position of making the decisions and directing individuals to work I become quite timid and shy. I want to change this and increase my level of confidence with this position. All the other current supervisors excel with getting employees to follow their directions without sounding too upfront or direct. I hope to do the same and learn from them.As many know, the ability to communicate in an effective and professional manner can make all the difference in business. I will need to learn how to communicate better with other professionals rather than just the customers. I will have to constantly communicate with my manager and assist her with the buyers and player’s families that come into the stores from time to time. Since usually only the supervisors will be in touch with them while they shop or browse the store’s layout. I plan on watching how the other managers communicate with them and find out the do’s and don’ts when dealing with the buyers or player families.As I work there I hope to expand my knowledge of business in two ways * How to manage a small group of employees who are part of a larger group * How to multitask with large projects I believe I will have what it takes to make sure they do their jobs and understand when they disagree with my method. As I mentioned before, I am great with the one on one, but will adapt to talking in front of a larger group. I hope by midsummer I will know how to effectively manage a small group that follows the standards, policies, and procedures of a larger organization.Every year there are many different projects going on at once within the retail department. Within the last two years we’ve had two major projects alongside the seasonal and home-stand projects. Managers were dealing with training new supervisors with the opening of a club level store and last year redesigning the main store. While these were going on, they were juggling the projects and reaching the goals they had set for that season with sales and introducing new products. Time management is key, and learning how these managers in such a fast-paced job focus on reaching all goals set for that season and in the long term is outstanding.I would like to learn from them on how to better manage my time and juggle projects to make sure each gets the attention it needs to be attained. It is one thing to sit there in th e classroom and learn the different styles and techniques managers use but I am very interested in how I will implement what I’ve learned into the internship and my future career. This internship will give me the chance to test some of the theories and styles to see what works best for me; whether I can be both a task-oriented and person-oriented leader.No matter what area of business I study, the most important aspect is to be able to relate to my employees. I want to learn how to effectively motivate employees. Being able to observe and hear how employees respond to different strategies will teach me methods I could never learn in a classroom. In class, we generally learn about the different business areas independently. I am interested in seeing first-hand how all the divisions of a business function together. Figure 1 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 2